PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
2011 | 56 | 1 |

Tytuł artykułu

Evidence for a sauropod-like metacarpal configuration in ankylosaurian dinosaurs

Autorzy

Treść / Zawartość

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
Ankylosaurian dinosaurs are armored, quadrupedal members of the ornithischian clade Thyreophora. Ankylosaurs are typically portrayed with the metacarpals slanted and distally divergent, with their proximal ends arranged in a shallow arc, both in the literature (Matthew 1922; Gaston et al. 2001; McCrea et al. 2001; Vickaryous et al. 2004) and in museum mounts (Fig. 1). In contrast, Carpenter (1984) illustrated the metacarpals of the ankylosaur Sauropelta edwardsorum Ostrom, 1970, from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation of Wyoming and Montana, with their proximal ends arranged in a tight, semicircular arc, but even in that depiction the metacarpals were slanted and distally divergent. Members of the thyreophoran clade Stegosauria, the sister taxon to the Ankylosauria (Butler et al. 2008), have also typically been portrayed with slanted and distally divergent metacarpals (Marsh 1891; Gilmore 1914; Galton and Upchurch 2004). Some researchers expressed the opinion that stegosaur metacarpals were held vertically, not distally divergent, with their proximal ends arranged in a tight, semicircular arc, so that the metacarpus formed a vertical half−tube (von Huene 1931; Thulborn 1990; Christiansen 1997) such that flexion of digit I would move it toward digit V. Manual manipulation of stegosaurian metacarpals has since confirmed that this is the correct configuration of the stegosaurian metacarpus (Senter 2010). Here I investigate the possibility that the ankylosaurian metacarpus exhibited a similar configuration. As in the previous study on stegosaurs (Senter 2010), I treat the slanting and spreading configuration and the vertical semi−tubular configuration as competing hypotheses, each with a set of testable predictions. Each hypothesis of metacarpal configuration in ankylosaurs predicts that the configuration (1) is allowed by the shapes of the metacarpals, (2) provides a better fit (alignment and contact of opposing articular surfaces) between the metacarpals than the competing hypothesis, (3) does not compromise the goodness of fit between the metacarpals and the phalanges, (4) is not contradicted by articulated specimens, and (5) agrees with ichnological evidence. In the previous study on stegosaurs I included an additional prediction: that the configuration provides sufficient support for and does not disarticulate the more proximal forelimb bones. Here, that prediction is omitted, because the ankylosaurian carpus is unknown (Vickaryous et al. 2004) except for a single carpal described by Maleev (1954).

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

56

Numer

1

Opis fizyczny

p.221-224,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Department of Biological Sciences, Fayetteville State University, 1200 Murchison Road, Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301, USA

Bibliografia

  • Bonnan, M.F. 2003. The evolution of manus shape in sauropod dinosaurs: implications for functional morphology, forelimb orientation, and phylogeny. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 595–613. [CrossRef]
  • Butler, R.J., Upchurch, P., and Norman, D.B. 2008. The phylogeny of the ornithischian dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6: 1–40. [CrossRef]
  • Carpenter, K. 1984. Skeletal reconstruction and life restoration of Sauropelta (Ankylosauria: Nodosauridae) from the Cretaceous of North America. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 21: 1491–1498.
  • Carpenter, K. and Wilson, Y. 2008. A new species of Camptosaurus (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, and a biomechanical analysis of its forelimb. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 76: 227–263. [CrossRef]
  • Carpenter, K., Bartlett, J., Bird, J., and Barrick, R. 2008. Ankylosaurs from the Price River quarries, Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), east−central Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 1089–1101. [CrossRef]
  • Christiansen, P. 1997. Forelimbs and hands. In: P.J. Currie and K. Padian (eds.), Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, 245–253. Academic Press, San Diego.
  • Fujiwara, S. 2009. A reevaluation of the manus structure in Triceratops (Ceratopsia: Ceratopsidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1136–1147. [CrossRef]
  • Galton, P.M. and Upchurch, P. 2004. Stegosauria. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria, Second Edition, 343–362. University of California Press, Berkeley.
  • Gaston, R.W., Schellenbach, J., and Kirkland, J.I. 2001. Mounted skeleton of the polacanthine ankylosaur Gastonia burgei. In: K. Carpenter (ed.), The Armored Dinosaurs, 386–398. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
  • Gilmore, C.W. 1914. Osteology of the armored Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genus Stegosaurus. United States National Museum Bulletin 89: 1–136.
  • Kirkland, J. I. 1998. A polacanthine ankylosaur (Ornithischia: Dinosauria) from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) of eastern Utah. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 14: 271–281.
  • Maleev, E.A. 1954. The armored dinosaurs of the Cretaceous Period in Mongolia (family Syrmosauridae) [in Russian, translated by Robert Welch and Kenneth Carpenter]. Trudy Paleontologičeskaâ Institut, Akademiâ Nauk SSSR 48: 142–170.
  • Matthew, W.D. 1922. A super−dreadnaught of the animal world, the armored dinosaur Paleoscincus. Natural History 22: 333–342.
  • Marsh, O.C. 1891. Restoration of Stegosaurus. American Journal of Science, Third Series 42: 179–181.
  • Maryańska, T. 1977. Ankylosauridae (Dinosauria) from Mongolia. Palaentologia Polonica 37: 85–181.
  • McCrea, R.T., Lockley, M.G., and Meyer, C.A. 2001. Global distribution of purported ankylosaur track occurrences. In: K. Carpenter (ed.), The Armored Dinosaurs, 413–454. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
  • Norman, D.B. 1980. On the ornithischian dinosaur Iguanodon bernissartensis of Bernissart (Belgium). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique: Sciences de la Terre 56: 81–372.
  • Senter, P. 2006. Comparison of forelimb function between Deinonychus and Bambiraptor (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26: 897–906. [CrossRef]
  • Senter, P. 2007. Analysis of forelimb function in basal ceratopsians. Journal of Zoology 273: 305–314. [CrossRef]
  • Senter, P. 2010. Evidence for a sauropod−like metacarpal configuration in stegosaurian dinosaurs. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55: 427–432. [CrossRef]
  • Sereno, P.C. 1993. The pectoral girdle and forelimb of the basal theropod Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13: 425–450. [CrossRef]
  • Thulborn, T. 1990. Dinosaur Tracks. 410 pp. Chapman and Hall, London.
  • Vickaryous, M.K., Maryańska, T., and Weishampel, D.B. 2004. Ankylosauria. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria, Second Edition, 363–392. University of California Press, Berkeley.
  • von Huene, F. 1931. Die fossilen Fährten im Rhät von Ischigualasto in Nordwest−Argentinien. Palaeobiologica 4: 99–112.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.dl-catalog-fcce1ed7-43f6-4452-9cf4-4933cd3f8596
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.