A window in the pericardial sac was created by thoracoscopy in two dogs with diagnosed idiopathic haemorrhagic pericardial effusion (IHPE). Thoracoscopic access to the pericardial sac facilitated surgery and minimised the risk of complications associated with conventional thoracotomy.
Department of Surgery and Roentgenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Surgery and Roentgenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Surgery and Roentgenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Surgery and Roentgenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Surgery and Roentgenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland