Właściwości farmakologiczne azalidów - udoskonalonych antybiotyków makrolidowych

• Autorzy: Gajda A. , Posyniak A.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Pharmacological properties of azalides - improved macrolides

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

In this paper the pharmacological properties of azalides, an improved group of macrolide antibiotics, have been reviewed. Worldwide interest in macrolide antibiotics has led to the development of several semi-synthetic derivatives of 14-membered erythromycin, such as 15-membered azithromycin and tulathromycin, with an additional nitrogen atom in the lacton ring. The newer macrolides, called azalides, have broader antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens as well as atypical pathogens of the respiratory system. They are characterized by better pharmacokinetic parameters, reduced adverse reactions and an improved drug-interaction profile compared with erythromycin. The application of these groups of antibiotics has some advantages over erythromycin, including longer half-lives and higher tissue concentrations, especially at the site of infection, which makes it possible to administer them once a day in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, in contrast to more frequent dosage required for erythromycin. Azalides are more acid-stable and therefore demonstrate greater oral bioavailability. In addition, these antibiotics have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, which can be useful in the treatment of chronic disorders. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relations, which are important in predicting clinical efficacy of antibiotics, are also reviewed. To ensure food safety, the European Commission had set Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for erythromycin, as well as for tulathromycin. However, azythromycin has not been certified for use in food producing animals, and therefore no MRLs have been established for this azalide.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

antybiotyki makrolidowe; azalidy; dzialanie immunomodulujace; dzialanie przeciwzapalne; farmakodynamika; farmakokinetyka; pozostalosci antybiotykow; wlasciwosci farmakologiczne; zastosowanie

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Medycyna Weterynaryjna
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: 66
• Numer: 07
• Opis fizyczny: s.453-458,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Gajda A.

• Zakład Farmakologii i Toksykologii, Państwowy Instytut Weterynaryjny - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Al.Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy

autor

Posyniak A.

Bibliografia

• 1. Albarellos G. A., Kreil V. E., Ambros L. A., Aaxman S., Montoya L., Tarragona L., Quaine P. C., Hallu R. E., Rebuelto M.: Pharmacokinetics of erythromycin after the administration of intravenous and various oral dosage forms to dogs. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 2008, 31, 496-500.
• 2. Amsden G. W.: Advanced - generation macrolides: tissue - directed antibiotics. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 18, 2001, S11-S15.
• 3. Amsden G. W.: Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, and Azithromycin: Are the Differences Real? Clin. Therapeutics 1996, 18, 56-68.
• 4. Barragry T. B.: Veterinary Drug Therapy. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia 1994, 224-226, 251-262.
• 5. Benchaoui H. A., Nowakowski M., Sherington J., Rowan T. G., Sunderland S. J.: Pharmacokinetics and lung tissue concentrations of tulathromycin in swine. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 2004, 27, 203-210.
• 6. Burrows G. E., Gentry M., Ewing B. S.: Serum and tissues concentrations of erythromycin in calves with induced pneumonic pasteurellosis. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1989, 50, 1166-1169.
• 7. Carceles C. M., Font A., Escudero E., Espuny A., Marin P., Fernandez-Varon E.: Pharmacokinetics of azithromycin after i.v. ang i.m. administration to sheep. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 2005, 28, 475-479.
• 8. Carceles C. M., Font A., Espuny A., Fernandez-Varon E., Serrano J. M., Escudero E.: Pharmacokinetics of azithromycin after intravenous and intramuscular administration to goats. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 2005, 28, 51-55.
• 9. Council Regulation No 470/2009 z dnia 6 maja 2009 r. ustanawiające wspólnotowe procedury określania maksymalnych limitów pozostałości substancji farmakologicznie czynnych w środkach spożywczych pochodzenia zwierzęcego oraz uchylające rozporządzenie Rady (EWG) nr 2377/90.
• 10. Cywińska A.: Tulatromycyna - nowy antybiotyk do leczenia chorób układu oddechowego u świń i bydła. Życie Wet. 2004, 79, 567-570.
• 11. Davis J. L., Gardner S. Y., Jones S. L.: Pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in foals after i.v. and oral dose and disposition into phagocytes. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 2002, 25, 99-104.
• 12. Ewing P. J., Burrows G., Macallister C.: Comparison of oral erythromycin formulations in the horse using pharmacokinetics profiles. J. Vet. Pharmcol. Therap. 1994, 17, 17-23.
• 13. Fiese E. F, Steffen S. H.: Comparison of the acid stability of azithromycin and erythromycin. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1990, 25, 39-47.
• 14. Filipiak K. J., Rewerski W., Kosior D. A.: Farmakologia kliniczna spiramycyny na tle innych antybiotyków makrolidowych. Farmacja Pol. 1998, 54, 22-26.
• 15. Foulds G., Shepard R. M., Johnson R. B.: The pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in human serum and tissues. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1990, 25, 73-82.
• 16. Giguere S.: Retrospective comparison of azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin for the treatment of foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2004, 18, 568-572.
• 17. Guz K., Bugla-Płoskońska G.: Immunomodulacyjne i przeciwzapalne właściwości wybranych antybiotyków i chemioterapeutyków. Postępy Hig. Med. Dośw. 2007, 61, 828-837.
• 18. Hunter R. P., Lynch M. J., Ericson J. F.: Pharmacokinetics, oral bioavailability and tissue distribution of azithromycin in cats. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 1995, 18, 38-46.
• 19. Jacks S., Giguere S., Gronwall R. R.: Pharmacokinetics of azithromycin and concentration in body fluids and bronchoalveoar cells in foals. Am. J. Vet. Res. 2001, 62, 1870-1875.
• 20. Kuo Cho-Chou, Jackson L., Lee A., Grayston T.: In vitro activities of azithromycin, clarithromycin and other antibiotics against Chlamydia Pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chmother. 1996, 40, 2669-2670.
• 21. Labro M. T.: Interference of antibacterial agents with phagocyte functions: immunomodulation or "immuno-fairy tales"? Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2000, 13, 615-650.
• 22. Lakritz J., Wilson W. D., Marsh A. E., Mihalyi J. E.: Effeects of prior feeding on pharmacokinetics and estimated bioavailability after oral administration of a single dose of microencapsulated erythromycin base in healthy foals. Am. J. Vet. Res. 2000, 61, 1011-1015.
• 23. Lambert H. P., O'Grady F. W.: Makrolidy, [w:] Antybiotyki i chemioterapia. Wyd. Medyczne Warszawa 1993, 173.
• 24. Lode H.: The pharmacokinetics of azithromycin and their clinical significance. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 1991, 10, 807-812.
• 25. Nowakowski M. A., Inskeep P. B., Risk J. E., Skogerboe T. L., Benchaoui H. A., Meinert T. R., Sherington J., Sunderland S. J.: Pharmacokinetics and lung tissue concentrations of tulathromycin, a new triamilide antibiotic in cattle. Vet. Ther. 2004, 5, 60-74.
• 26. Retsema J., Fu Wenchi: Macrolides: structures and microbial targets. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2001, 18, S3-S10.
• 27. Retsema J., Girard A., Schelkly W., Manousos M., Anderson M., Bright G., Borovoy R., Brennan L., Mason R.: Spectrum and mode of action of azithromycin (CP-62,993), a new 15-membered-ring macrolide with improved potency against gram-negative organisms. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1987, 31, 1939-1947.
• 28. Shepard R. M., Falkner F. C.: Pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in rats and dogs. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1990, 25, 49-60.
• 29. Taylor D. E., Chang N.: In vitro susceptibilities of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli to azithromycin and erythromycin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1991, 35, 1917-1918.