Alpha taxonomy of the Russian Permian procolophonoid reptiles

• Autorzy: Saila L.K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

European Russia has been the source of many procolophonoid taxa from both the Permian and Triassic, and a Permian origin for the procolophonoid family Procolophonidae has been based on the Russian taxon Microphon exiguus. Recently, this taxon was reclassified as a seymouriamorph and, in its place, the taxa Nyctiphruretus, Suchonosaurus, and Kinelia from the Middle and Upper Permian of Russia were suggested as “procolophons”, using evolutionary−systematic classification methods. In recent phylogenies, however, Nyctiphruretus has been recovered as a non–procolophonoid parareptile, whereas Kinelia and Suchonosaurus have never been included in a phylogenetic study. Re−examination indicates that Suchonosaurus is a member of the procolophonoid subfamily Procolophonidae based on the shape of the maxillary bone and the external naris, the laterally visible maxillary depression, and the number and type of maxillary teeth. Kinelia, on the other hand, is excluded from the Procolophonoidea because of its subpleurodont dental attachment and lack of any procolophonoid features. Thus, Suchonosaurus is the only confirmed Permian procolophonid from the Permian of Russia. Additionally, re−examination of the holotype of Microphon exiguus confirms that it is identical to the seymouriamorph specimens recently included in the genus Microphon and that it lacks procolophonoid features. The earliest unequivocal record of the subfamily Procolophonidae is confirmed from the Late Permian of Russia, making Russia the only region where, with certainty, both Permian and Triassic procolophonids have been discovered.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

taxonomy; Russia; Permian; procolophonoid reptile; Procolophonoidea; Parareptilia; Procolophonidae; paleobiogeography

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: 54
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.599-608,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Saila L.K.

• University of Bristol, Wills Memoroal Building, Queen's Road, Bristol, BS8 1JU, U.K.

Bibliografia

• Arkhangelskii, M.S. [Arhangelskij, M.S.] and Sennikov, A.G. 2008. Subclass Synaptosauria [in Russian]. In: Ivakhnenko and E.N. Kurochkin (eds.), Fossil Vertebrates of Russia and Adjacent Countries, 224–241. Geos, Moscow.
• Benton, M.J. 1984. Tooth form, growth, and function in Triassic rhynchosaurs (Reptilia, Diapsida). Palaeontology 27: 737–776.
• Bolt, J.R. and DeMar, R. 1975. An explanatory model of the evolution of multiple tooth rows of teeth in Captorhinus aguti. Journal of Paleontology 49: 814–832.
• Broom, R. 1937. A further contribution to our knowledge of the fossil reptiles of the Karroo. Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London B, Series 3: 299–318.
• Bulanov, V.V. 2002. New data on procolophons from the Permian of Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 36: 525–530.
• Bulanov V.V. 2003. Evolution and systematics of seymouriamorph parareptiles. Paleontological Journal 37 (Supplement): S1–S105.
• Carroll, R.L. and Lindsay, W. 1985. Cranial anatomy of the primitive reptile Procolophon. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22: 1571–1587.
• Chatterjee, S.K. 1974. A rhynchosaur from the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of India. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Biological Series 267: 209–261.
• Chudinov, P.K. 1957. Cotylosaurs from the Upper Permian redbeds deposits of the Preurals. Trudy Paleontologičeskogo Instituta, Akademii Nauka SSSR 68: 19–87.
• Cisneros, J.C. 2008a. Phylogenetic relationships of procolophonid parareptiles with remarks on their geological record. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6: 345–366. doi:10.1017/S1477201907002350
• Cisneros, J.C. 2008b. New basal procolophonid reptile from the Katberg Formation (Lower Triassic) of the South African Karoo. Palaeoworld 17: 126–134. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2008.06.003
• Cisneros, J.C., Damiani, R., Schultz, C., da Rosa, Á., Schwanke, C., Neto, L.W., and Aurélio, P.L.P. 2004. A procolophonoid reptile with temporal fenestration from the Middle Triassic of Brazil. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Biological Series 271: 1541–1546.
• Cope, E.D. 1889. Synopsis of the families of the Vertebrata. American Naturalist 23: 849–877. doi:10.1086/275018
• deBraga, M. 2003. The postcranial skeleton, phylogenetic position, and probable lifestyle of the Early Triassic reptile Procolophon trigoniceps. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 40: 527–556. doi:10.1139/e02−082
• Edmund, A.G. 1969. Dentition. In: C. Gans, A. d’Bellairs, and T.S. Parsons (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia 1, 117–200. Academic Press, London.
• Efremov, J.A. 1938. Some new Permian reptiles of the U.S.S.R. Comptes Rendus (Doklady) 19: 771–776.
• Efremov, J.A. 1940. Die Mezen−Fauna der permischen reptilien. Neues Jahrbuch für Minerologie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen B 84: 379–466.
• Goodrich, E.S. 1930. Studies on the Structure and Development of Vertebrates. 837 pp. Dover Publications, New York.
• Ivakhnenko, M.F. 1974. New data on the Early Triassic procolophonids of the USSR. Paleontological Journal 8: 346–351.
• Ivakhnenko, M.F. [Ivahnenko, M.F.] 1979. Permian and Triassic procolophonids of the Russian platform [in Russian]. Trudy Paleontologičeskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 164: 1–80.
• Ivakhnenko, M.F. 1983. New procolophonids from Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 17: 135–139.
• Ivakhnenko, M.F. 1987. [Ivahnenko, M.F.] Permian parareptiles of the USSR [in Russian]. Trudy Paleontologičeskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 233: 1–159.
• Ivakhnenko, M.F. 1990. A late Paleozoic faunal assemblage of tetrapods from the deposits of the Mezen River Basin. Paleontological Journal 4: 81–90.
• Ivakhnenko, M.F. 1997. New Late Permian nycteroleterids from Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 31: 552–558.
• Ketchum, H.F. and Barrett, P.M. 2004. New reptile material from the Lower Triassic of Madagascar: implications for the Permian–Triassic extinction event.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41: 1–8. doi:10.1139/e03−084.
• Kitching, J.W. 1977. The distribution of the Karroo vertebrate fauna. Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research Memoir 1: 1–131.
• Laurenti, J.N. 1768. Classis Reptilium. Special Medicum, exhibens synopsis Reptilium emendatum, cum experimentis circa venena et antidote Reptilium Austriacorum. 217 pp. J. Thomae, Vienna.
• Laurin, M. and Reisz, R.R. 1995. A reevaluation of early amniote phylogeny. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 113: 165–223. doi: 10.1111/j.1096−3642.1995.tb00932.x
• Lee, M.S.Y. 1995. Historical burden of systematics and interrelationships of “parareptiles”. Biological Reviews 70: 459–547. doi:10.1111/j.1469−185X.1995.tb01197.x
• Lee, M.S.Y. 1997. Pareiasaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120: 197–280. doi:10.1111/j.1096−3642. 1997.tb01279.x
• Modesto, S.P. 1999. Observations on the structure of the Early Permian reptile Stereosternum tumidum Cope. Palaeontologia Africana 35: 7–19.
• Modesto, S.P. and Damiani, R.J. 2007. The procolophonoid reptile Sauropareion anoplus from the lowermost Triassic of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27: 337–349. doi:10.1671/ 0272−4634(2007)27 [337:TPRSAF]2.0.CO;2
• Modesto, S., Damiani, R., and Sues, H.−D. 2002. A reappraisal of Coletta seca, a basal procolophonoid reptile from the Lower Triassic of South Africa. Palaeontology 45: 883–895. doi:10.1111/1475−4983.00266
• Modesto, S., Sues, H.−D., and Damiani, R. 2001. A new Triassic procolophonoid reptile and its implications for procolophonoid survivorship during the Permo−Triassic extinction event. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Biological Series 268: 2047–2052.
• Modesto, S.P., Damiani, R.J, Neveling, J., and Yates, A.M. 2003. A new Triassic owenettid parareptile and the Mother of Mass Extinctions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 715–719. doi:10.1671/1962
• Motani, R. 1997. Temporal and spatial distribution of tooth implantation in ichthyosaurs. In: J.M. Callaway and E.L. Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, 81–103. Academic Press, London.
• Müller, J. and Tsuji, L.A. 2007. Impedance−matching hearing in Paleozoic reptiles: evidence of advanced sensory perception at an early stage of amniote evolution. Plos One 9: 1–7.
• Olson, E.C. 1947. The family Diadectidae and its bearing on the classification of reptiles. Fieldiana: Geology 11: 1–53.
• Piñeiro, G., Rojas, A., and Ubilla, M. 2004. A new procolophonoid (Reptilia, Parareptilia) from the Upper Permian of Uruguay. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24: 814–821. doi:10.1671/0272−4634(2004)024[0814:ANPRPF]2.0.CO;2
• Presch, W. 1974. A survey of the dentition of the macrotheiid lizard (Teiidae: Lacertilia). Herpetology 30: 344–349.
• Reisz, R.R. and Laurin, M. 1991. Owenetta and the origin of turtles. Nature 349: 324–326. doi:10.1038/349324a0
• Reisz, R.R. and Scott, D.M. 2002. Owenetta kitchingorum, n. sp., a small parareptile from the Lower Triassic of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22: 244–256. doi:10.1671/0272−4634(2002)022[0244: OKSNAS]2.0.CO;2
• Reisz, R.R., Müller, J., Tsuji, L., and Scott, D. 2007. The cranial osteology of Belebey vegrandis (Parareptilia: Bolosauridae), from the Middle Permian of Russia, and its bearing on the reptilian evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151:191–214. doi:10.1111/j.1096−3642.2007.00312.x
• Romer, A.S. 1956. Osteology of the Reptilia. 772 pp. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
• Säilä, L.K. 2008. The osteology and affinities of Anomoiodon liliensterni, a procolophonid reptile from the Lower Triassic bundsandstein of Germany. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 1199−1205. doi:10.1671/0272−4634−28.4.1199
• Small, B.J. 1997. A new procolophonid from the Upper Triassic of Texas, with a description of tooth replacement and implantation. Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 17: 674–678.
• Spencer, P.S. 2000. The braincase structure of Leptopleuron lacertinum Owen (Parareptilia: Procolophonidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 21–30. doi:10.1671/0272−4634(2000)020[0021:TBSOLL]2.0.CO;2
• Spencer, P.S. and Benton, M.J. 2000. Procolophonoids from the Permo−Triassic of Russia. In: M.J. Benton, M.A. Shishkin, D.M. Unwin, and E.N. Kurochkin (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, 160–176. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Sues, H.−D. and Olsen, P.E. 1993. A new procolophonid and a new tetrapod of uncertain, possibly procolophonian affinities from the Upper Triassic of Virginia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13: 282–286.
• Sues, H.−D., Olsen, P.E., Scott, D.M., and Spencer, P.S. 2000. Cranial osteology of Hypsognathus fenneri, a latest Triassic procolophonid reptile from the Newark Supergroup of eastern North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 275–284. doi:10.1671/0272−4634(2000)020[0275:COOHFA]2.0.CO;2
• Tsuji, L.A. 2006. Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of Permian parareptile Macroleter poezicus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26: 849–865. doi:10.1671/0272−4634(2006)26[849:CAAPAO]2.0.CO;2
• Tverdokhlebova, G.I. and Ivakhnenko, M.F. 1994. New tetrapods from the Tatarian of Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 28: 153–159.
• Vaughn, P.P. 1958. On a new pelycosaur from the Lower Permian of Oklahoma, and on the origin of the family Caseidae. Journal of Paleontology 32: 981–991.
• Wild, R. 1973. Die Triasfauna der Tessiner Kalkalpen XXIII. Tanystropheus longobardicus (Bassani) (Neue Ergebnisse). Schweizerische paläontologische Abhandlungen 95: 1–162.