The ichthyofauna of the dystrophic Lake Smolak (northern Poland) in light of selected physical and chemical water conditions thirty years after the conclusion of liming and fertilization

• Autorzy: Hutorowicz A. , Kapusta A. , Krzywosz T. , Hutorowicz J.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Ichtiofauna dystroficznego jeziora Smolak trzydzieści lat po zaprzestaniu wapnowania i nawożenia

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of ichthyofauna studies conducted in Lake Smolak (northern Poland) in the 2002-2004 period was to evaluate species richness, growth rate, and fish assemblage structure in light of environmental conditions. This initially dystrophic lake, which, in the 1950s, was inhabited by only two fish species – perch, Perca fluviatilis L., and pike, Esox lucius L., was subjected to experimental liming and fertilization (to stimulate eutrophication) and stocking in the 1971-1974 period. Currently, the ichthyofauna of the lake is comprised of ten species belonging to four families. The density of the fish in this lake is not high; the most numerous are roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.) and bream, Abramis brama (L.). Roach was characterized by a rapid growth rate, but that of bream was very slow. The environmental parameters of the lake undoubtedly have a negative impact on the ichthyofauna, especially the gradients of and seasonal variation in the physical and chemical parameters of the water as well as the absence of submerged hydrophytes and the limited occurrence of helophytes.

PL

W latach 50-tych XX w. w niewielkim i płytkim jeziorze Smolak (rys. 1) występowały tylko okoń Perca fluniatilis L. i szczupak, Esox lucius L. Przeprowadzone w latach 1971 - 1974 eksperymentalne wapnowanie i nawożenie mineralne jeziora upodobniło ten zbiornik do jezior harmonicznych o obojętnym odczynie wody. Na podstawie badań prowadzonych w latach 2002 - 2004 określono bogactwo gatunkowe, tempo wzrostu oraz strukturę zespołu ryb na de aktualnych warunków fizyczno-chemicznych wody. W jeziorze wyróżniono dwie strefy, epi- i metalimnionu, wyraźnie zróżnicowane pod względem termicznym, tlenowym (rys. 2), odczynu i przewodności elektrolitycznej wody (rys. 3) oraz zawartości żelaza i azotu amonowego (rys. 4). Ichtiofauna jeziora reprezentowana była przez 10 gatunków należących do 4 rodzin (tab. 1-2). Ryby w jeziorze występowały w niewielkim zagęszczeniu. Najbardziej liczne były płoć, Rutilus rutilus (L.) i leszcz, Abramis brama (L.) (rys. 5). Płoć charakteryzowała się szybkim tempem wzrostu, natomiast leszcz bardzo wolnym (rys. 6). Ograniczone występowanie hydrofitów oraz znaczne wahania i gradient właściwości fizyczno-chemicznych wody wpływały negatywnie na ichtiofaunę jeziora.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

ichthyofauna; growth rate; fish; animal development; dystrophic lake; lake; Lake Smolak; Poland; water; physical condition; chemical condition; liming; fertilization; mineral fertilization

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Archives of Polish Fisheries
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: 13
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.207-225,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Hutorowicz A.

• The Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Kapusta A.

autor

Krzywosz T.

autor

Hutorowicz J.

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