Resistance mechanisms of winter cereals and forage grasses to snow mould fungi

• Autorzy: Marzec K. , Plazek A.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Mechanizmy odporności zbóż ozimych i traw pastewnych na grzyby wywołujące pleśń śniegową

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Winter survival of cereals and grasses depends mainly on plant resistance to low temperature and to snow mould fungi. To persist winter plants have to be tolerant to different kind of stresses: abiotic such as low temperature, long-term snow and ice cover, freeze-induced plant desiccation or frequent freezing and thawing, and biotic - many species of snow mould fungi. During the cold acclimation, cereals and grasses become more resistant to both stresses: cold and snow mould. Earlier seeded plants with a greater number of crowns are more resistant to snow mould. Infection caused by snow mould induces a complex plant response, including such processes as the synthesis of PR (pathogenesis-related) proteins (chitinase and β-1,3-glucanas), production of active oxygen species (AOS), synthesis of phenolics, phyotalexins, accumulation of callosis and soluble carbohydrates, and a decrease of water potential. In the paper the most common defence mechanisms against snow mould pathogens are discussed.

PL

Zimotrwałość traw i zbóż ozimych zależy głównie od ich odporności na niską temperaturę i patogeny powodujące pleśń śniegową. Aby przetrzymać warunki zimowe rośliny muszą charakteryzować się tolerancją, zarówno na takie stresy abiotyczne, jak niska temperatura, długo zalegająca pokrywa śniegowa, ograniczony dostęp tlenu i światła, wysychanie tkanek pod wpływem mrozu, czy częste zamarzanie i tajanie, jak też stresy biotyczne, czyli wiele gatunków grzybów rozwijających się pod śniegiem w niskiej temperaturze. Odporność na oba rodzaje stresów rośliny nabywają w czasie aklimacji odbywającej się podczas obniżających się temperatur jesienią i na początku zimy. Odporność na warunki zimowe jest wyższa u roślin wysianych wcześniej i lepiej rozkrzewionych. Infekcja grzybami pleśni śniegowej indukuje w roślinach szereg procesów obronnych, do których zaliczana jest synteza białek typu PR (ang. pathogensis-related), jak chitynaza czy β-1,3-glukanaza, produkcja reaktywnych form tlenu, synteza związków fenolowych, fitolaeksyn, akumulacja kallozy, rozpuszczalnych węglowodanów czy obniżanie potencjału wody komórek. W prezentowanym artykule omówiono najczęściej spotykane mechanizmy odpornościowe uruchamiane w reakcji na atak grzybów niskotemperaturowych.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

abscisic acid; active oxygen species; cereal; defense response; fodder grass; hexose-sensing resistance; pathogenesis-related protein; resistance mechanism; winter cereal; snow mould; fungi; plant stress; frost; ice; desiccation; soil heaving; physical stress; physiological stress; poor plant condition; winter grass; climate adaptation; carbohydrate starvation; biotic stress; parasite; low temperature

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: 524
• Opis fizyczny: p.357-368,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Marzec K.

• Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural University in Krakow, Podluzna 3, 30-239 Krakow, Poland

autor

Plazek A.

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