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Tytuł artykułu

Deposition rates of atmospheric particulates determined from 210Pb measurements in soils and air

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
Deposition rates of atmospheric particles were determined using previously published ²¹⁰Pb data in soils and air. The dry deposition velocities for moorland and woodland soils were 2.2±1.8 and 9±2 mm・s⁻¹, respectively. The ²¹⁰Pb concentration in rain was calculated to be 94±10 mBq・L⁻¹. The large (~4 times) deposition velocities in woodland relative to moorland soils is an indication of the degree of accumulation of particles, and most possibly contaminants within woodland soils, which is of practical importance in the mitigation of pollutant concentrations in urban areas by planting trees.

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

20

Numer

2

Opis fizyczny

p.405-410,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Botswana College of Agriculture, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana
autor

Bibliografia

  • 1. BALKANSKI Y.J., JACOB D.J., GARDNER G.M., GRAUSTEIN W.C., TUREKIAN K.K. Transport and residence times of tropospheric aerosols inferred from a global three-dimensional simulation of 210Pb. J. Geophys. Res. 98, (D11), 20573, 1993.
  • 2. KOCH D.M., JACOB D.J., GRAUSTEIN W.C. Vertical transport of tropospheric aerosols as indicated by 7Be and 210Pb in a chemical tracer model. J. Geophys. Res. 101, (D13), 1865, 1996.
  • 3. DUENAS C., FERNANDEZ M.C., CARRETERO J., LIGER E. CANETE S. Deposition velocities and washout ratios on a costal site (Southeastern Sapin) calculated from 7Be and 210Pb measurements. Atmos. Environ. 39, 6897, 2005.
  • 4. TUREKIAN K.K., BENNINGER L.K. DION E.P. 7Be and 210Pb total deposition fluxes at New Haven, Connecticut and at Bermuda. J. Geophys. Res. 88, (C9), 5411, 1983.
  • 5. TODD J.F., WONG G.T.F., OLSEN C.R., LARSEN I.L. Atmospheric deposition characteristics of Beryllium 7 and Lead 210 along the South-Eastern Virginia coast. J. Geophys. Res. 94, (D8), 11106, 1989.
  • 6. PAPASTEFANOU C., IOANNIDOU A. Depositional fluxes and other physical characteristics of atmospheric Beryllium-7 in the temperate zones 40oN with a dry (precipitation-free) climate. Atmos. Environ. 25, 2335, 1991.
  • 7. NOCHOLSON K.W. Dry deposition of small particles: a review of experimental measurements. Atmos. Environ. 22, 2653, 1988.
  • 8. GALLAGHER M.W., NEMITZ E., DORSEY J.R., FOWLER D., SUTTON M.A., SLYNN M., DUYZER J.H. Measurements and parameterizations of small aerosol deposition velocities to grass, arable crops, and forests: influence of surface roughness length and deposition. J. Geophys. Res. 107, (D1210.1029/2001 JD000817), 2002.
  • 9. FOWLER D., SKIBA U., NEMITZ E., CHOUBEDAR F., BRANFORD D., DONOVAN R. ROWLAND P. Measuring aerosol and heavy metal deposition on urban woodland and grass using inventories of 210Pb and metal concentrations in soil. Water Air Soil Pollut. 4, 483, 2004.
  • 10. BECKETT K.P., FREER-SMITH P.H. TAYLOR G. Urban woodlands: their role in reducing the effects of particulate pollution. Environ. Pollut. 99, 347, 1998.
  • 11. LIKUKU A.S., BRANFORD D., FOWLER D. WESTON K.J. Inventories of fallout 210Pb and 137Cs radionuclides in moorland and woodland soils around Edinburgh urban area. J. Environ. Radioact. 90, (1), 37, 2006.
  • 12. LIKUKU A.S. Factors influencing ambient concentrations of 210Pb and 7Be over the city of Edinburgh (55.9oN, 03.2oW). J. Environ. Radioact. 87, (3), 289, 2006.
  • 13. PREISS N., MELIERES M.A., POURCHET M. A compilation of data on lead 210 concentrations in surface air and fluxes at the air-surface and water-sediment interfaces. J. Geophys. Res. 101, (D22), 28847, 1996.
  • 14. PETERS A.J., GREGOR D.J., WILKINSON P., SPENCER C. Deposition of 210Pb to the Agassiz Ice Cap, Canada. J. Geophys. Res. 102, (D5), 5971, 1997.
  • 15. BENNINGER L.K., LEWIS D.M., TUREKIAN K.K. The use of natural lead-210 as a heavy metal tracer in the riverestuarine system, in: T.M. CHURCH (Ed). Marine Chemistry in Coastal Environment (Washington DC) 18, 202, 1975.
  • 16. MOORE H.E., POET S.E. 210Pb fluxes determined from 210Pb and 226Ra soil profiles. J. Geophys. Res. 81, (6), 1056, 1976.
  • 17. NOZAKI Y., DEMASTER D.J., LEWIS D.M., TUREKIAN K.K. Atmospheric 210Pb fluxes determined from soil profiles. J. Geophys. Res. 83, (C8), 4047, 1978.
  • 18. GRAUSTEIN W.C., TUREKIAN K.K. 210Pb as a tracer of deposition of sub-micrometer aerosols, In: H.R. PRUPPACHER, R.G. SEMONIN, W.G.N. SLINN (Eds). Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition and Resuspension (New York), pp. 1315, 1983.
  • 19. GRAUSTEIN W.C., TUREKIAN K.K. 210Pb and 137Cs in air and soils measure the rate of vertical profile of aerosol scavenging. J. Geophys. Res. 91, (D13), 14355, 1986.
  • 20. MACKENZIE A.B., LOGAN E., PULFORD I. D. Radionuclide and metal distributions in peat deposition in Scotland, In: R.D. WILKEN, U. FORESTER, A. KNOCKEL (Eds). Heavy Metals in the Environment (Hamburg), 1, 113, 1995.
  • 21. PULFORD I.D., MAGUIRE C.S., COOK G.T., MACKENZIE A.B. Mobility of 137Cs and 210Pb in organic soils, In: R.D. WILKEN, U. FORESTER, A. KNOCKEL (Eds). Heavy Metals in the Environment (Hamburg), 1, 137, 1995.
  • 22. HE Q., WALLING D.E. The distribution of fallout 137Cs and 210Pb in undisturbed and cultivated soils. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 48, (5), 677, 1997.
  • 23. FOWLER D., DUYZER J.H., BALDOCCHI D.D. Inputs of trace gases, particles and cloud droplets to terrestrial surfaces. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 97B, 35, 1991.
  • 24. RUIJGROK W., TIEBEN H., EISINGA P. Dry deposition of particles to a forest canopy: A comparison of model and experimental results. Atmos. Environ. 31, (3), 399, 1997.
  • 25. OLSEN C.R., LARSEN I.L., LOWRY P.D., CUTSHALL N.H., TODD J.F., WONG G.T.F., CASEY W.H. Atmospheric Fluxes and Marsh-soil Inventories of 7Be and 210Pb. J. Geophys. Res. 90, (D6), 10487, 1985.
  • 26. GRAUSTEIN W.C., TUREKIAN K.K. The effects of forests and topography on the deposition of sub-micrometer aerosols measured by Lead-210 and Cesium-137 in soils. Agric. For. Meteorol. 47, 199, 1989.
  • 27. BRANFORD D., FOWLER D., MOGHADDAM M.V. The study of aerosol deposition at a wind exposed forest edge using 210Pb and 137Cs soil inventories. Water Air Soil Pollut. 157, 107, 2004.
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  • 29. HUSSAIN N., CHURCH T.M., VERON A.J., LARSON R.E. Radon daughter disequilibrium and lead systematics in the West North Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res. 103, (D13), 16059, 1998.
  • 30. WINKLER R., ROSNER G. Seasonal and long-term variation of 210Pb in air, atmospheric deposition rate and total deposition velocity in South Germany. Sci. Total Environ. 263, 57, 2000.
  • 31. MACNEARY D., BASKARAN V. Depositional characteristics of 7Be and 210Pb in Southeastern Michigan. J. Geophys. Res. 108, (D7), 4210, 2003.
  • 32. BASKARAN M., ILIFFE T.M. Age determination of recent cave deposits using 210Pb – a new technique. Geophys. Res. Lett. 20, (7), 603, 1993.
  • 33. PIERSON D.H., CAMBRAY R.S., SPICER G.S. Lead-210 and Polonium-210 in the atmosphere. Tellus. XVIII, (2), 427, 1966.
  • 34. SMITH J.T., APPLEBY P.G., HILTON J., RICHARDSON N. Inventories and fluxes of 210Pb, 137Cs and 241Am determined from the soils of three small catchments in Cumbria, UK. J. Environ. Radioact. 37, (2), 127, 1997

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.dl-catalog-7ef702d1-36d9-47dc-a8c1-b793ecd24979
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