Solar radiation at the surface in the Baltic Proper

• Autorzy: Keevallik S. , Loitjarv K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Radiation data recorded at 12 sites around the central part of the Baltic Sea during 1996–2000 drawn from the BALTEX (Baltic Sea Experiment) meteorological data archives are used to study the spatio-temporal variability of daily global radiation totals. The annual average daily global radiation total varies from about 10MJ m−2 at Visby (on Gotland) and Kołobrzeg (on the coast of Poland) to less than 9 MJ m−2 at Z¯ıl¯ani (inland Latvia), ˇ Silut˙e (Lithuania) and Jokioinen (Finland). The monthly average daily global radiation total over the whole region extends from 0.93 in December to 19.0 in June. The variability in global radiation is analysed on the basis of the fraction of the daily total at the top of the atmosphere. The spatial and temporal variability is the least in August – this shows that the variation in the cloud cover and atmospheric properties at this time of year is the smallest. The spatial correlation is the strongest between the two Finnish stations – Vantaa and Jokioinen. It is also high between Stockholm and Norrk¨oping, on the east coast of Sweden. The correlation coefficients are the largest over the whole area in April. Radiation data from coastal stations are compared with an earlier parameterization based on ship observations (Rozwadowska & Isemer 1998, Isemer & Rozwadowska 1999). It is concluded that in climatological research, actinometric data from Visby can be used to characterize the radiation field over the northern part of the Baltic Proper and those from Kołobrzeg to characterize the adiation field over the southern part of this sea.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Baltic Sea; atmosphere; marine biology; photosynthesis; phytoplankton bloom; radiation; solar radiation; spatio-temporal variability; temporal variability; water body; water surface

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Oceanologia
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: 52
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.583-597,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Keevallik S.

• Marine Systems Institute, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 21, EE–12618 Tallinn, Estonia

autor

Loitjarv K.