Plasma testosterone profile of male Tawny Owls Strix aluco in relation to breeding density, breeding experience, and offspring provision

• Autorzy: Sasvari L. , Peczely P. , Hegyi Z.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Poziom testosteronu u samców puszczyka: związek z zagęszczeniem, doświadczeniem osobników, zachowaniami terytorialnymi i przynoszeniem pokarmu

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The role of plasma testosterone in territorial behavior and breeding success, which has not previously been examined in nocturnal raptors, was studied in male Tawny Owls. Blood was collected for testosterone analysis during the territorial and nestling periods from owls breeding in nest boxes in Duna-Ipoly National Park, Hungary. Testosterone levels, defense activity, prey supply for broods and reproductive performance were related to breeding density and breeding experience of males. Defense activity, as measured by responses to broadcasted hooting calls and dummy owls during the territorial period, correlated positively with testosterone concentration. Males with more breeding experience had high testosterone levels and occupied better territories in dense breeding areas than less experienced males which had low testosterone concentrations. Mate fidelity was linked male quality: females were more likely to be tenacious in good territories. Testosterone levels dropped between territorial and feeding periods, however males with higher concentrations fed nestlings more frequently with high mass prey per night because food was more abundant in territories they had secured. We suggest that differences in testosterone levels in the provisioning period are related to the males' abilities to acquire territories of different quality.

PL

W pracy badano wzajemne zależności pomiędzy poziomem testosteronu a zachowaniami terytorialnymi i jakością terytoriów samców puszczyka. Postawiono hipotezę, że na relacje te może mieć wpływ zagęszczenie par lęgowych oraz doświadczenie osobnika tj. liczba odbytych przez niego lęgów. Prace prowadzono w lasach liściastych na terenie Parku Narodowego Duna-Ipoly na Węgrzech. Do badań wybrano ptaki gniazdujące w skrzynkach lęgowych na wysokości <300 i > 500 m. n. p. m., gdyż tereny te różniły się zagęszczeniami (Tab. 1). Samce i samice były indywidualnie znakowane. Samce łapano w okresie jesieni i na początku okresu lęgowego, pobierano im krew i w plazmie oznaczano poziom testosteronu. Mierzono reakcję samców na playback oraz wypchanego osobnika, oraz określano liczbę i masę przynoszonej do gniazda zdobyczy, a także liczbę piskląt opuszczających gniazdo. Analizowane samce podzielono ze względu na doświadczenie lęgowe na te gniazdujące po raz pierwszy lub drugi na badanym terenie i te, które odbyły więcej niż dwa lęgi. Stwierdzono, że samce z mniejszym doświadczeniem lęgowym były stwierdzane częściej na terenie z małym zagęszczeniem (Tab. 1). Samce gniazdujące w dużym zagęszczeniu najczęściej pozostawały z tą samą samicą, także bardziej doświadczone samce rzadziej zmieniały partnerki. Zarówno w niskich i wysokich zagęszczeniach samce nie gniazdujące wcześniej na badanym terenie miały najniższy poziom testosteronu, natomiast najwyższy te, których lęgi stwierdzano od co najmniej dwóch lat (Fig. 1). Niezależnie od zagęszczenia doświadczone samce reagowały szybciej na playback i wypchanego ptaka (Tab. 3). Poziom testosteronu był wyższy w okresie zajmowania terytoriów na jesieni (wrzesień-listopad) niż na początku okresu lęgowego, w obu okresach był wyższy dla ptaków występujących w wyższych zagęszczeniach i wyższy dla samców, które gniazdowały na badanym terenie co najmniej już dwukrotnie (Fig. 2, Tab. 4, 6). Samce gniazdujące w wyższym zagęszczeniu miały wyższy poziom testosteronu, przynosiły więcej pokarmu o większej masie całkowitej i wyprowadzały więcej piskląt niż samce występujące w terenie z małym zagęszczeniem (Tab. 5). Autorzy sugerują, że wyższy poziom testosteronu u bardziej doświadczonych samców jest związany z ich zdolnością do uzyskania terytoriów wyższej jakości.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

plasma; testosterone level; male; Tawny Owl; Strix aluco; relation; breeding density; breeding experience; progeny; climate change

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Ornithologica
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: 44
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.59-68,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Sasvari L.

• Department of Zoology, Eszterhazy Karoly College of Education, Leanyka u. 6, H 3300, Eger, Hungary

autor

Peczely P.

• Department of Reproductive Biology, Szent Istvan University H-2103 Godollo, Hungary

autor

Hegyi Z.

• Management of Duna-Ipoly National Park, Hovosvolgyi ut 52, H-1021 Budapest, Hungary

Bibliografia

• Appleby В. M., Redpath S. M. 1997. Indicators of male quality in the hoots of Tawny Owls Strix aluco. J. Raptor Res. 31: 65-70.
• Beletsky L. D., Gori D. F., Freeman S., Wingfield J. C. 1995. Testosterone and polygyny in birds. Current Ornithol. 12: 1-41.
• Beletsky L. D., Orians G. H., Wingfield J. C. 1989. Relationships of steroid hormones an polygyny to territorial status, breeding experience and reproductive success in male redwinged blackbirds. Auk 106: 107-117.
• Beletsky L. D., Orians G. H., Wingfield J. C. 1990. Effects of exogenous androgen and antiandrogen on territorial and nonterritorial red-winged blackbirds (Aves: Icterinae). Ethology 85: 58-72.
• Borgia G., Wingfield J. C. 1991. Hormonal correlates of bower decoration and sexual display in the satin bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus). Condor 93: 935-942.
• Burley N. 1988. The differential allocation hypothesis: an experimental test. Am. Nat. 132: 611-628.
• Chandler C. R., Ketterson E. D., Nolan V. Jr., Ziegenfus C. 1994. Effects of testosterone on spatial activity in free-ranging male dark-eyed juncos Junco hyemalis. Anim. Behav. 47: 1445-1455.
• Cockrem J. F., Potteri M. A. 1991. Reproductive endocrinology of the North Island Brown Kiwi Apteryx australis mantelli. In: Symposium of endocrinology of avian breeding systems. Acta XX Cong. Intern. Ornithol. Christchurch, New Zealand, vol. 4: 2092-2101.
• Cruz C., Solis E., Valencia J., Chastel O., Sorci G. 2003. Testosterone and helping behavior in the azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyanus): natural covariation and an experimental test. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 55: 103-111.
• De Ridder E., Pinxten R., Eens M. 2000. Experimental evidence of a testosterone-induced shift from paternal to mating behaviour in a facultatively polygynous songbird. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 49: 23-30.
• Ens B. J., Choudhury J. M. 1996. Mate fidelity and divorce in monogamous birds. In: Black J. M. (ed.). Partnerships in birds: a Study of Monogamy. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, pp. 344-395.
• Ens B. J., Safriel U. N., Harris M. P. 1993. Divorce in the long- lived and monogamous oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus: incompatibility or choosing the better option? Anim. Behav. 45: 1199-1217.
• Enstrom D. A., Ketterson E. D., Nolan V. Jr. 1997. Testosterone and mate choice in the dark- eyed junco. Anim. Behav. 54: 1135-1146.
• Foerster K., Kempenaers В. 2005. Effects of testosterone on male-male competition and male-female interactions in blue tits. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 57: 215-223.
• Foerster К., Poesel A., Kunc H., Kempenaers B. 2002. The natural plasma testosterone profile of male blue tits during the breeding season and its relation to song output. J. Avian. Biol. 33: 269-275.
• Fowler G. S., Wingfield J. C., Boersma P. D., Sosa R. A. 1994. Reproductive endocrinology and weight change in relation to reproductive success in the Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). Gen. Comp. Endocr. 94: 305-315.
• Fretwell S. D., Lucas H. L. 1969. On territorial behaviour and other factors influencing distribution in birds. Acta Biotheor. 19: 18-36.
• Fusani L., Beani L., Lupo C., Dessí-Fulgheri F. 1997. Sexually selected vigilance behaviour of the grey partridge is affected by plasma androgen levels. Anim. Behav. 54: 1013-1018.
• Galeotti P. 1998. Correlates of hoot rate and structure in male Tawny Owls Strix aluco: implications for male rivalry and female mate choice. J. Avian Biol. 29: 25-33.
• Galli F. E., Irusta O., Wassermann G. F. 1973. Androgen production by testes of Gallus domesticus during postembryonal development. Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 21: 262-266.
• Goszczyński J. 1981. Comparative analysis of food of owls in agrocenosis. Ekol. Pol. 29: 431-439.
• Hegner R. E., Wingfield J. C. 1986. Behavioral and endocrine correlates of multiple brooding in the semicolonial house sparrow Passer domesticus I. Males. Horm. Behav. 20: 294-312.
• Hegner R. E., Wingfield J. C. 1987. Effects of experimental manipulation of testosterone levels on parental investment and breeding success in male house sparrows. Auk 104: 462- 469.
• Hill J. D., Enstrom D. A., Ketterson E. D., Nolan V. Jr., Ziegenfus C. 1999. Mate choice based on static versus dynamic secondary sexual traits in the dark-eyed junco. Behav. Ecol. 10: 91-96.
• Hunt K. E., Hahn T. P., Wingfield J. C. 1997. Testosterone implants increase song but not aggression in male lapland longspurs. Anim. Behav. 54: 1177-1192.
• Hunt K. E., Hahn T. P., Wingfield J. C. 1999. Endocrine influences on parental care during a short breeding season: testosteroen and male parental care in Lapland longspurs (Calcarius lapponicus). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 45: 360-369.
• Jędrzejewski W., Jędrzejewska В., Zub K., Ruprecht A. I., Bystrowski С. 1994. Resource use by Tawny Owls Strix aluco in relation to rodent fluctuation Białowieża National Park, Poland. J. Avian Biol. 25: 308-318.
• Ketterson E. D., Nolan V Jr. 1999. Adaptation, exaptation, and constraint: a hormonal perspective. Am. Nat. 154 (Suppl.): S4-S25.
• Ketterson E. D., Nolan V. Jr., Wolf L., Ziegenfus C. 1992. Testosterone and avian life histories: effects of experimentally elevated testosterone on behavior and correlates of fitness in the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis). Am. Nat. 140: 980-999.
• McDonald P. G., Buttemer W. A., Astheimer L. B. 2001. The influence of testosterone on territorial defence and parental behavior in male free-living Rufous Whistlers, Pachycephala rufiventris. Horm. Behav. 39: 185-194.
• Mikkola H. 1983. Owl of Europe. T. & A. D. Poyser, Calton.
• Moore M. C. 1984. Changes in territorial defense produced by changes in circulating levels of testosterone: a possible hormonal basis for mate-guarding behavior in white-crowned sparrows. Behaviour 88: 215-226.
• Morton M. L., Peterson L. E., Burns D. M., Allan N. 1990. Seasonal and age-related changes in plasma testosterone levels in mountain White-crowned Sparrows. Condor 92: 166-173.
• Moss R., Parr R., Lambin X. 1994. Effects of testosterone on breeding density, breeding success and survival of red grouse. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. В 258: 175-180.
• Norusis M. 1994. SPSS Advanced statistics 6.1. SPSS Chicago.
• Péczely P., Pethes G., Rudas P. 1980. Interrelationship between thyroid and gonadal function in female Japanese quail kept under short and long photoperiods. J. Endocrinol. 87: 55-63.
• Peters A., Astheimer L. B., Cockburn A. 2001. The annual testosterone profile in cooperatively breeding superb fairywrens, Malurus cyaneus, reflects their extreme infidelity. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 50: 519-527.
• Petty S. J. 1992. A guide to age determination of Tawny Owl Strix aluco. In: Galbraith C. A., Taylor I. R., Percival S. (eds). The ecology and conservation of European owls. Peterborough, UK: Joint Nature Conservation Committee, pp. 89-91.
• Poesel A., Foerster К., Kempenaers В. 2001. The dawn song of the blue tit Parus caeruleus and its role in sexual selection. Ethology 107: 521-531.
• Raouf S. A., Parker P. G., Ketterson E. D., Nolan V. Jr., Ziegenfus C. 1997. Testosterone affects reproductive success by influencing extra-pair fertilizations in male dark-eyed juncos (Aves: Junco hyemalis). Proc. R. Soc. Lond. В 264: 1599-1603.
• Redpath S. M., Appleby В. M., Petty S. J. 2000. Do male hoots betray parasite loads in Tawny Owls? J. Avian Biol. 31: 457-462.
• Rissman E. F., Wingfield J. C. 1984. Hormonal correlates of polyandry in the Spotted Sandpiper, Actitis macularia. Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 56: 401-405.
• Sasvári L., Hegyi Z. 1998. Bird predation by tawny owls (Strix aluco L.) and its effect on the reproductive performance of tits. Acta Oecol. 19: 483-490.
• Sasvári L., Hegyi Z. 2005. Effects of breeding experience on nest-site choice and the reproductive performance of tawny owls (Strix aluco). J. Raptor Res. 39: 26-35.
• Sasvári L., Hegyi Z., Csörgő T., Hahn I. 2000. Age dependent diet change, parental care and reproductive cost in tawny owls Strix aluco. Acta Oecol. 21: 267-275.
• Sasvári L., Péczely P., Hegyi Z. 2004. The influence of parental age and weather on testosterone concentration and offspring survival in broods of tawny owl Strix aluco. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 56: 306-313.
• Schoech S. J., Ketterson E. D., Nolan V. Jr., Sharp P. J., Buntin J. D. 1998. The effect of exogenous testosterone on parental behavior, plasma prolactin, and prolactin binding sites in dark-eyed juncos. Horm. Behav. 34:1-10.
• Searcy W. A., Wingfield J. C. 1980. The effects of androgen on dominance and aggressiveness in male red-winged blackbirds. Horm. Behav. 14: 126-135.
• Sergio F., Newton I. 2003. Occupancy as a measure of territory quality. J. Anim. Ecol. 72: 857-865.
• Sheldon В. C. 2000. Differencial allocation: tests, mechanisms and implications. Trends Ecol. Evol. 15: 397-402.
• Silverin B. 1980. Effects of long-acting testosterone treatment on free-living pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca, during the breeding period. Anim. Behav. 28: 906-912.
• Silverin B. 1998. Behavioural and hormonal responses of the pied flycatcher to environmental stressors. Anim. Behav. 55: 1411-1420.
• Southern H. N., Lowe V. P. W. 1968. The pattern of distribution of prey and predation in tawny owl territories. J. Anim. Ecol. 37: 75-97.
• Stoehr A. M., Hill G. E. 2000. Testosterone and allocation of reproductive effort in male house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 48: 407-411.
• Vleck С. M., Brown J. L. 1999. Testosterone and social and reproductive behaviour in Aphelocoma jays. Anim. Behav. 58: 943-951.
• Wada M., Shimizu T., Kobayashi S., Yatani A., Sandaiji Y., Ishikawa T., Takemure E. 1999. Behavioral and hormonal basis oi polygynous breeding in male bush warblers (Cettia diphone). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 116: 422-432.
• Wikelski M., Hau M., Wingfield J. C. 1999. Social instability increases plasma testosterone in a year-round territorial neotropical bird. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. В 266: 551-556.
• Wingfield J. C. 1983. Environmental and endocrine control of avian reproduction an ecological approach. In: Mikami S., Homma K., Wada M. (eds). Avian endocrinology: environmental and ecological perspectives, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 265-288.
• Wingfield J. C. 1984. Environmental and endocrine control of reproduction in the song sparrow, Melospiza melodia. I. Temporal organisation of the reproductive cycle. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 56: 406-416.
• Wingfield J. C., Hegner R. E., Dufty A. M. Jr., Ball G. F. 1990. The 'Challenge Hypothesis': theoretical implications for patterns of testosterone secretion, mating systems, and breeding strategies. Am. Nat. 136: 829-846.
• Wingfield J. C., Wada M. 1989. Changes in plasma levels of testosterone during male-male interactions in the song sparrow, Melospiza melodia: time course and specificity of response. J. Comp. Physiol. A 166: 189-194.
• Zimmerman G. S., LaHaye W S., Gutiérrez R. J. 2003. Empirical support for a despotic distribution in a California spotted owl population. Behav. Ecol. 14: 433-437.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.3161/000164509X464894