Pollination and floral biology of Adonis vernalis L. (Ranunculaceae) - a case study of threatened species

• Autorzy: Denisow B. , Wrzesien M. , Cwener A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Although the knowledge of pollination systems of rare and threatened species is one of the principles for development of optimal conservation and management strategies, the data about their pollination requirements are scarce or incomplete. Different problems are listed (xerothermic habitat disappearance, overgrowing of patches, plant biology i.e., slow plant growth, problems with seed germination) among the possible causes of Adonis vernalis being threatened, but until now no consideration was given to the flowering biology and pollination. The observations of flowering biology of A. vernalis (Ranunculaceae), a clonal species, were conducted in an out-ofcompact- range population, in the Lublin Upland, Poland (51°18'55" N, 22°38'21" E), in 2011–2013. The reproductive potential of A. vernalis is related to the population age structure, pollination syndrome, and breeding system. The flowers exhibit incomplete protogyny. The dichogamy function is supported by different (biological, morphological) mechanisms. Stigma receptivity occurred about one day before anthers started shedding self-pollen, and pollen viability was increasing gradually during the flower life-span (66.3% in distal anthers vs. 77.3% in proximal). The decrease in pollen production and in pollen viability coincided with the lowest degree of seed set, irrespective of the pollination treatment. Pollen vectors are necessary for efficient pollination, as the proportion of pistils setting fruits after open pollination (41–82.1%) was significantly higher compared to spontaneous self-pollination (only 5.5–12.3%). The pollination requirements together with pollen/ovule ratio (P/O = 501) indicate a facultative xenogamous breeding system in A. vernalis. Therefore, in the conditions of the global lack of pollinators, improper pollination may weaken the population by leading to a decrease in the proportion of recombinants, and in addition to other factors, may accelerate extinction of small A. vernalis populations.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

pollination; floral biology; pollen viability; seed; Adonis vernalis; Ranunculaceae; threatened species

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 83
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.29-37,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Denisow B.

• Department of Botany, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland

autor

Wrzesien M.

• Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland

autor

Cwener A.

• Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. Bascompte J, Jordano P. Plant-animal mutualistic networks: the architecture of biodiversity. Ann Rev Ecol Syst. 2007;38(1):567–593.http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095818
• 2. Potts SG, Biesmeijer J, Kremen C, Neumann P, Schweiger O, Kunin WE. Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers.Trends Ecol Evol. 2010;25(6):345–353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2010.01.007
• 3. Zych M, Jakubiec A. Pollination of Polish red list plants: a preliminary statistical survey. Acta Agrobot. 2008;61(1):85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2008.011
• 4. Schemske DW, Husband BC, Ruckelshaus MH, Goodwillie C, Parker IM, Bishop JG. Evaluating approaches to the conservation of rareand endangered plants. Ecology. 1994;75(3):584. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941718
• 5. Zych M, Stpiczyńska M. Neither protogynous nor obligatory outcrossed: pollination biology and breeding system of the european red list Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae). Plant Biol Stuttg. 2012;14(2):285–294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00510.x
• 6. Zając A, Zając M. Elementy geograficzne rodzimej flory Polski. Cracow: Jagiellonian University; 2009.
• 7. Davis SD, Heywood VH, Hamilton AC, editors. Centres of plant diversity. A guide and strategy for their conservation 1. Europe, Africa,Southwest Asia and the Middle East. Cambrige: International Unionfor Conservation of Nature; 1994.
• 8. Schnittler M, Günther KF. Central European vascular plants requiring priority conservation measures – an analysis from national red lists and distribution maps. Biodivers Conserv. 1999;8(7):891–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008828704456
• 9. Denisow B, Wrzesień M, Cwener A. The estimation of Adonis vernalis populations in chosen patches of Lublin Upland. Acta Agrobot.2008;61(1):3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2008.001
• 10. Cwener A. Threatened xerothermic vascular plants in the Działy Grabowieckie mesoregion (Wyżyna Lubelska Upland, SE Poland). In: Mirek Z, Nikel A, editors. Rare, relict and endangered plants and fungiin Poland. Cracow: W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy ofSciences; 2009. p. 155–162.
• 11. Bilz M, Kell SP, Maxted N, Lansdown RV. European red List of vascular plants. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union; 2011.
• 12. Korotchenko I, Peregrym M. Ukrainian steppes in the past, at present and in the future. In: Werger MJ, van Staalduinen MA, editors.Eurasian steppes. Ecological problems and livelihoods in a changingworld. Plant and vegetation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.p. 173–196. (vol 6). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3886-7_5
• 13. Meusel H, Jäger E, Weinert F. Vergleichende Chorologie der Zentraleropäischen Flora. Jena: Gustav Fischer Verlag; 1965. (vol 3).
• 14. Forycka A, Szczyglewska D, Buchwald W. Stock-talking of Adonis vernalis L. in the selected localities in Poland. Bull Bot Gard MusCollect. 2004;13:55–58.
• 15. Sudnik-Wójcikowska B, Moysiyenko II, Slim PA. Dynamics of the flora of windbreaks in the agricultural landscape of steppes in southernUkraine. Biodiv Res Conserv. 2006;1-2:77–81.
• 16. Parnikoza I, Vasiluk A. Ukrainian steppes: current state and perspectives for protection. Ann UMCS Biol. 2011;66(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10067-011-0018-0
• 17. Świerczyńska S. Problemy zachowania zbiorowisk stepowych na podstawie badań prowadzonych na Lubelszczyźnie. Prądnik: OjcowskiPark Narodowy. Muzeum im. prof. Władysława Szafera; 1990. (vol 2).
• 18. Michalik S, Zarzycki K. Management of xerothermic grasslands in Poland: botanical approach. Colloq Phytosociol 1995;24:881–895.
• 19. Mihalik E, Gocs K, Kálmán K, Medvegy A. Reproductive success of the individuals with different age in a planted Adonis vernalis L.population. Acta Biol Debr Oecol Hung. 2000;11(1):270–275.
• 20. Harper JL. Biologia populacyjna i ekologia organizmów klonalnych. Moduły i rozgałęzienia a pobieranie składników pokarmowych. WiadEkol. 1986;32(4):327–359.
• 21. Falińska K. Plant population biology and vegetation processes. Cracow: W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences; 1998.
• 22. Czarnecka B. Spatiotemporal patterns of genets and ramets in a population of clonal perennial Senecio rivularis: plant features andhabitat effects. Ann Bot Fenn. 2008;45(1):19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5735/085.045.0103
• 23. Charlesworth D, Charlesworth B. Inbreeding depression and its evolutionary consequences. Ann Rev Ecol Syst. 1987;18(1):237–268.http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.001321
• 24. Lloyd DG, Webb CJ. The avoidance of interference between the presentation of pollen and stigmas in angiosperms. I. Dichogamy.N Z J Bot. 1986;24(1):135–162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1986.10409725
• 25. Lloyd DG, Schoen DJ. Self- and cross-fertilization in plants. I. Functional dimensions. Int J Plant Sci. 1992;153(3):358. http://dx.doi. org/10.1086/297040
• 26. Sanzol J, Herrero M. The “effective pollination period” in fruit trees. Sci Hortic. 2001;90(1–2):1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00252-1
• 27. Douglas KL, Cruden RW. The reproductive biology of Anemone canadensis (Ranunculaceae): breeding system and facilitation of sexualselection. Am J Bot. 1994;81(3):314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2445458
• 28. Griffin SR, Mavraganis K, Eckert CG. Experimental analysis of protogyny in Aquilegia canadensis (Ranunculaceae). Am J Bot.2000;87(9):1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2656717
• 29. Dafni A, Firmage D. Pollen viability and longevity: Practical, ecological and evolutionary implications. Plant Syst Evol. 2000;222(1–4):113–132.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984098
• 30. Larson BMH, Barrett SCH. A comparative analysis of pollen limitation in flowering plants. Biol J Linn Soc. 2000;69(4):503–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bijl.1999.0372
• 31. Aizen MA, Harder LD. Expanding the limits of the pollen limitation concept: effects of pollen quantity and quality. Ecology.2007;88(2):271–281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/06-1017
• 32. Denisow B, Wrzesień M. The study of blooming and pollen efficiency of Adonis vernalis L. in xerothermic plant communities. J Apic Sci.2006;50(1):25–32.
• 33. Matuszkiewicz W. Przewodnik do oznaczania zbiorowisk roślinnych Polski. Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers PWN; 2001.
• 34. Jankowska-Błaszczuk M. Diagnostyczne właściwości struktury przestrzennej populacji Adonis vernalis L. In: Faliński J, editor. Dynamikaroślinności i populacji roślinnych. Warsaw: Białowieża GeobotanicalStation of Warsaw University; 1991. p. 193–200.
• 35. Jankowska-Błaszczuk M. Biologia populacji miłka wiosennego Adonis vernalis L. w rezerwacie “Skowronno”. Ochr Przyr. 1995;52:47–58.
• 36. Medvegy A, Szőllősi R, Mihalik E. Temporal floral sex allocation in protogynous Adonis vernalis L. In: Proceedings of the 2nd EuropeanCongress of Conservation Biology. Prague: Czech University of LifeSciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences; 2009. p. 148.
• 37. Chmura D, Adamski P, Denisiuk Z. Spatiotemporal aspects of the occurrence of clonal steppe plant Adonis vernalis L. in the southern Poland. Cas Slez Semskeho Muzea A. 2012;61(3):245–250. http:// dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10210-012-0025-z
• 38. Dafni A, Maués MM. A rapid and simple procedure to determine stigma receptivity. Sex Plant Reprod. 1998;11(3):177–180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050138
• 39. Cruden RW. Pollen-ovule ratios: a conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants. Evolution. 1977;31(1):32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2407542
• 40. Gostin IN. Scanning electron microscopy investigations regarding Adonis vernalis L. flower morphology. Analele Univ Din Oradea FascBiol. 2009;16(2):80–84.
• 41. Stanisz A. Przystępny kurs statystyki z zastosowaniem Statistica na przykładach z medycyny. Cracow: Statsoft Polska; 2007.
• 42. Knuth P. Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelman; 1898. (vol 2).
• 43. Kudo G. Ecological significance of flower heliotropism in the spring ephemeral Adonis ramosa (Ranunculaceae). Oikos. 1995;72(1):14.http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3546032
• 44. Chmura D, Adamski P, Denisiuk Z. How do plant communities and flower visitors relate? A case study of semi-natural xerothermicgrasslands. Acta Soc Bot Pol. 2013;82(2):99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/ asbp.2013.015
• 45. Goulson D. Foraging strategies of insects for gathering nectar and pollen, and implications for plant ecology and evolution.Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst. 1999;2(2):185–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1433-8319-00070
• 46. Heinrich B, Raven PH. Energetics and pollination ecology. Science. 1972;176(4035):597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/ science.176.4035.597
• 47. Chittka L, Thomson JD, Waser NM. Flower constancy, insect psychology, and plant evolution. Naturwissenschaften. 1999;86(8):361–377.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050636
• 48. Young LW, Wilen RW, Bonham-Smith PC. High temperature stress of Brassica napus during flowering reduces micro- and megagametophytefertility, induces fruit abortion, and disrupts seed production. J ExpBot. 2004;55(396):485–495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erh038
• 49. Gusta LV, O’Connor BJ, Bhatty RS. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) responses to chilling and heat stress on flowering and seed yield. Can J Plant Sci. 1997;77(1):97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/P95-205
• 50. Rodkiewicz B, Śnieżko R, Fryk B, Niewęgłowska B, Tchórzewska D. Embriologia “Angiospermae” rozwojowa i eksperymentalna. Lublin:Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Press; 1996.
• 51. Steffan-Dewenter I, Tscharntke T. Effects of habitat isolation on pollinator communities and seed set. Oecologia. 1999;121(3):432–440.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050949
• 52. Asikainen E, Mutikainen P. Preferences of pollinators and herbivores in gynodioecious Geranium sylvaticum. Ann Bot. 2005;95(5):879–886.http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci094
• 53. Klinkhamer PGL, de Jong TJ, Linnebank LA. Small-scale spatial patterns determine ecological relationships: an experimental exampleusing nectar production rates. Ecol Lett. 2001;4(6):559–567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00267.x

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5586/asbp.2014.001