A new leanchoiliid megacheiran arthropod from the lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale, South Australia

• Autorzy: Edgecombe G.D. , Garcia-Bellido D. C. , Paterson J. R.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The Leanchoiliidae is well−known from abundant material of Leanchoilia, from the Burgess Shale and Chengjiang Konservat−Lagerstätten. The first Australian member of the group is Oestokerkus megacholix gen. et sp. nov., described from the Emu Bay Shale (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4), at Buck Quarry, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, and is intermediate in age between the well known leanchoiliid species from the Burgess Shale and Chengjiang. Phylogenetic analysis of “short great appendage” arthropods (Megacheira) in the context of the chelicerate stem group resolves the Australian species as sister to Burgess Shale, Utah, and Chengjiang Leanchoilia species, but most readily distinguished from Leanchoilia and Alalcomenaeus by a different telson shape, interpreted as being forked, widening distally, and with a few dorsally curved spines at the posterior angle. Leanchoiliid interrelationships are stable to alternative character weights, and Megacheira corresponds to a clade in most analyses.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

new arthropod; arthropod; leanchoiliid megacheiran arthropod; Lower Cambrian; Cambrian; South Australia; paleontology; Arthropoda; Megacheira; Leanchoiliidae; Oestokerkus; Leanchoilia; Alalcomenaeus; midgut gland; phylogenesis

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: 56
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.385-400,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Edgecombe G.D.

• Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K.

autor

Garcia-Bellido D. C.

autor

Paterson J. R.

Bibliografia

• Bergström, J. and Hou, X.−G. 2005. Early Palaeozoic lamellipedian arthropods. In: S. Koenemann and R.A. Jenner (eds.), Crustacea and Arthropod Relationships. Crustacean Issues 16: 73–93.
• Bitsch, J. and Bitsch, C. 2007. The segmental organization of the head region in Chelicerata: a critical review of recent studies and hypotheses. Acta Zoologica 88: 317–335.
• Bousfeld, E.L. 1995. A contribution to the natural classification of Lower and Middle Cambrian arthropods: food gathering and feeding mechanisms. Amphipacifica 2: 3–34.
• Boxshall, G.A. 2004. The evolution of arthropod limbs. Biological Reviews 79: 253–300.
• Bremer, K. 1994. Branch support and tree stability.Cladistics 10: 295–304.
• Briggs, D.E.G. and Collins, D. 1999. The arthropodAlalcomenaeus cambricus Simonetta, from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia. Palaeontology 42: 953–977.
• Briggs, D.E.G. and Robison, R.A. 1984. Exceptionally preserved nontrilobite arthropods and anomalocaridids from the Middle Cambrian of Utah. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions 111: 1–23.
• Briggs, D.E.G., Lieberman, B.S., Hendricks, J.R., Halgedahl, S.L., and Jerrard, R.D. 2008. Middle Cambrian arthropods from Utah. Journal of Paleontology 82: 238–254.
• Bruton, D.L. 1981. The arthropod Sidneyia inexpectans, Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 295: 619–656.
• Bruton, D.L. and Whittington, H.B. 1983. Emeraldella and Leanchoilia, two arthropods from the Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian, British Columbia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 300: 553–582.
• Budd, G.E. 2002. A palaeontological solution to the arthropod head problem. Nature 417: 271–275.
• Butterfield, N.J. 2002. Leanchoilia guts and the interpretation of three−dimensional structures in Burgess Shale−type fossils. Paleobiology 28: 155–171.
• Chen, J.−Y. 2004. The Dawn of Animal World [in Chinese]. 366 pp. Jiang Science and Technology Press, Nanjing.
• Chen, J.−Y., Waloszek, D., and Maas, A. 2004. A new “great−appendage” arthropod from the Lower Cambrian of China and homology of chelicerate chelicerae and raptorial antero−ventral appendages. Lethaia 37: 3–20.
• Cotton, T.J. and Braddy, S.J. 2004. The phylogeny of arachnomorph arthropods and the origin of the Chelicerata. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 94: 169–193.
• Daley, A.C., Budd, G.E., Caron, J.−B., Edgecombe, G.D., and Collins, D. 2009. The Burgess Shale anomalocaridid Hurdia and its significance for early euarthropod evolution. Science 323: 1597–1600.
• Dunlop, J.A. 2006. New ideas about the euchelicerate stem−lineage. In: C. Deltshev and P. Stoev (eds.), European Arachnology 2005. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica (Supplement 1): 9–27.
• Dunlop, J.A. and Selden, P.A. 1997. The early history and phylogeny of the chelicerates. In: R.A. Fortey and R.H. Thomas (eds.), Arthropod Relationships. Systematics Association Special Volume 55: 221–235.
• Edgecombe, G.D. and Ramsköld, L. 1999. Relationships of Cambrian Arachnata and the systematic position of Trilobita. Journal of Paleontology 73: 263–287.
• Farris, J.S., Albert, V.A., Källersjö, M., Lipcomb, D., and Kluge, A.G. 1996. Parsimony jackknifing outperforms neighbor−joining. Cladistics 12: 99–124.
• García−Bellido, D.C. and Collins, D. 2007. Reassessment of the genus Leanchoilia (Arthropoda, Arachnomorpha) from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada. Palaeontology 50: 693–709.
• García−Bellido, D.C., Paterson, J.R., Edgecombe, G.D., Jago, J.B., Gehling, J.G., and Lee, M.S.Y. 2009. The bivalved arthropods Isoxys and Tuzoia with soft−part preservation from the lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte (Kangaroo Island, Australia).Palaeontology 52: 1221–1241.
• Goloboff, P.A. 1993. Estimating character weights during tree search. Cladistics 9: 83–91.
• Goloboff, P.A., Farris, J.S., and Nixon, K.C. 2008. TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics 24: 774–786.
• Harzsch, S. and Hafner, G. 2006. Evolution of eye development in arthropods: phylogenetic aspects. Arthropod Structure & Development 35: 319–340.
• Hendricks, J.R. and Lieberman, B.S. 2008. New phylogenetic insights into the Cambrian radiation of arachnomorph arthropods. Journal of Paleontology 82: 585–594.
• Hou, X.−G. and Bergström, J. 1997. Arthropods of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, southwest China. Fossils and Strata 45: 1–116.
• Jago, J.B., Zang, W., Sun, X., Brock, G.A., Paterson, J.R., and Skovsted, C.B. 2006. A review of the Cambrian biostratigraphy of South Australia. Palaeoworld 15: 406–423.
• Liu, Y., Hou X.−G., and Bergström, J. 2007. Chengjiang arthropod Leanchoilia illecebrosa (Hou, 1987) reconsidered. GFF 129: 263–272.
• Luo, H., Hu, S., Chen, L., Zhang, S., and Tao, Y. 1999. Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna from Kunming region, China [in Chinese]. 129 pp. Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming.
• Luo, H., Hu, S., Zhang, S., and Tao, Y. 1997. New occurrence of the Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna in Haikou, Kunming, Yunnan Province, and study on Trilobitoidea. Acta Geologica Sinica 71: 122–132.
• Nixon, K.C. 2002. WINCLADA. Version 1.99.08. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
• Orr, P.J., Siveter, D.J., Briggs, D.E.G., Siveter, D.J., and Sutton, M.D. 2000. A new arthropod from the Silurian Konservat−Lagerstätte of Herefordshire. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B: Biological Sciences 267: 1497–1504.
• Paterson, J.R. and Brock, G.A. 2007. Early Cambrian trilobites from Angorichina, Flinders Ranges, South Australia, with a new assemblage from the Pararaia bunyerooensis Zone. Journal of Paleontology 81: 116–142.
• Paterson, J.R. and Jago, J.B. 2006. New trilobites from the Lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte at Big Gully, Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 32: 43–57.
• Paterson, J.R., Edgecombe, G.D., García−Bellido, D.C., Jago, J.B., and Gehling, J.G. 2010. Nektaspid arthropods from the lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte, South Australia, with a reassessment of lamellipedian relationships. Palaeontology 53: 377–402.
• Paterson, J.R., Jago, J.B., Gehling, J.G., García−Bellido, D.C., Edgecombe, G.D., and Lee, M.S.Y. 2008. Early Cambrian arthropods from the Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte, South Australia. 319–325. In: I. Rábano, R. Gozalo, and D. García−Bellido (eds.), Advances in Trilobite Research. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero 9: 319–325.
• Shultz, J.W. 2007. A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150: 221–265.
• Stein, M. 2010. A new arthropod from the Early Cambrian of North Greenland, with a “great appendage”−like antennula. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158: 477–500.
• Stürmer, W. and Bergström, J. 1978. The arthropod Cheloniellon from the Devonian Hunsrück Shale. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 52: 57–81.
• Sutton, M.D., Briggs, D.E.G., Siveter, D.J., Siveter, D.J., and Orr, P.D. 2002. The arthropod Offacolus kingi (Chelicerata) from the Silurian of Herefordshire, England: computer based morphological reconstructions and phylogenetic affinity. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B: Biological Sciences 269: 1195–1203.
• Suzuki, Y. and Bergström, J. 2008. Respiration in trilobites: a reevaluation. GFF 130: 211–229.
• Vannier, J., García−Bellido, D.C., Hu, X.−X., and Chen, A.−L. 2009. Arthropod visual predators in the early pelagic ecosystem: evidence from the Burgess Shale and Chengjiang biotas. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B: Biological Sciences 276: 2567–2574.
• Whittington, H.B. 1974. Yohoia Walcott and Plenocaris n. gen., arthropods from the Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 231: 1–21.
• Wills, M.A., Briggs, D.E.G., Fortey, R.A., Wilkinson, M., and Sneath, P.H.A. 1998. An arthropod phylogeny based on fossil and recent taxa. In: G.D. Edgecombe (ed.), Arthropod Fossils and Phylogeny, 33–105. Columbia University Press, New York.
• Wilson, L.A. 2006. Food for thought: a morphological and taphonomic study of fossilised digestive systems from Early to Middle Cambrian taxa. 275 pp. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge.
• Zhang, X.−G. and Hou, X. 2007. Gravitational constraints on the burial of Chengjiang fossils. Palaios 22: 448–453.
• Zhang, X.−L., Han, J., Zhang, Z., Liu, H., and Shu, D. 2004. Redescription of the Chengjiang arthropod Squamacula clypeata Hou and Bergström, from the Lower Cambrian, South−west China. Palaeontology 47: 605–617.
• Zhao, Y., Zhu, M., Babcock, L.E., Yuan, L., Parsley, R.L., Peng, J., Yang, X., and Wang, Y. 2005. Kaili Biota: a taphonomic window on diversification of metazoans from the basal Middle Cambrian: Guizhou, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 79: 751–765.