Ectoparasites of the Nile Rat, Arvicanthis niloticus from Shendi area, Sudan

• Autorzy: Sulieman Y. , El-Tayeb R.E. , Srimek N. , Pengsakul T.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This study investigated the ectoparasites of the Nile Rat, Arvicanthis niloticus in Shendi area, River Nile State, Sudan. Eighty nine A. niloticus were collected for the first time from the horticultural fields of Shendi, between January to June 2018, and their entire fur was combed thoroughly, using a fine-tooth comb. Any removed ectoparasites were relaxed, mounted and examined under a microscope for morphological identification. Forty two (47.2%) of the collected rats was found infested, with an overall mean intensity of 13.4 (range 2–67) ectoparasites per an infested rat; 10 different species of ectoparasites were identified, including: 2 species of flea – Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis; 3 species of louse – Polyplax spinulosa, P. abyssinica, P. serrata; a species of tick – Rhipicephalus sp.; 4 species of mite – Laelaps agilis, L. nuttalli, Ornitonyssus bacoti, Dermanyssuss gallinae. The most prevalent ectoparasite found was the flea Xenopsylla cheopis, 23.6%, followed by the mite Laelaps nuttalli, 10.1%, while the least was the mite Ornitonyssus bacoti, 1.1%. Significantly higher prevalence and intensity of infestation was found among male rats. Likewise, older rats significantly harbored a higher prevalence and intensity of infestation.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Annals of Parasitology
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: 65
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.411-416,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Sulieman Y.

• Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Shendi, Shendi, Sudan

autor

El-Tayeb R.E.

• Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Shendi, Shendi, Sudan

autor

Srimek N.

• Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand

autor

Pengsakul T.

• Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand

Bibliografia

• [1] Vaughan J.A., Ryan J.M., Czaplewski N.J. 2000. Mammalogy. 4th ed., Harcourt Inc., London, UK.
• [2] Davis S., Calvet E., Leirs H. 2005. Fluctuating rodent population and the risk to human from rodent borne zoonoses. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 5: 305-314. doi:10.1089/vbz.2005.5.305
• [3] Chagas C.F., Gonzalez I.L., Favoretto S.M., Ramos P.L. 2017. Parasitological surveillance in a rat (Rattus norvegicus) colony in São Paulo Zoo animal house. Annals of Parasitology 63: 291-297. doi:10.17420/ap6304.115
• [4] Mohd Zain S.N., Amdan S.K., Braima K.A., Abdul-Aziz N.M., Wilson J.J., Sithambaran P., Jeffery J. 2015. Ectoparasites of murids in peninsular Malaysia and their associated diseases. Parasites and Vectors 8: 254. doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0850-1
• [5] Dobigny G., Tatard C., Gauthier P., Ba K., Duplantier J.M., Granjon L., Kergoat G.J. 2013. Mitochondrial and nuclear genes-based phylogeography of Arvicanthis niloticus (Murinae) and sub-saharan open habitats pleistocene history. PLoS ONE 8(12): 10.1371. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077815
• [6] Musser G.G., Carleton M.D. 2005. Arvicanthis. In: Mammals of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference (Eds. D.E. Wilson, D.M. Reeder). Vol. 2. 3rd ed. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA: 1285-1292.
• [7] Refinetti R. 2004. The Nile grass rat as a laboratory animal. Lab Animal 33: 54-57. doi:10.1038/laban1004-54
• [8] Castillo-Ruiz A., Indic P., Schwartz W.J. 2018. Time management in a co-housed social rodent species (Arvicanthis niloticus). Scientific Reports 8: 1202. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19365-3
• [9] Panagiotakopulu E. 2004. Pharaonic Egypt and the origins of the plague. Journal of Biogeography 31: 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0305-0270.2003.01009.x
• [10] Fagir D.M., El-Rayah A. 2009. Parasites of the Nile rat in rural and urban regions of Sudan. Integrative Zoology 4: 179-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2009.00148.x
• [11] Soulsby E.L. 1982. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of domesticated animals. 7th ed. Bailliere Tindall, London, UK.
• [12] Krantz G.W. 1978. A manual of acarology. 2nd ed. Oregon State University Book Stores, Corvallis, Oregon.
• [13] Azad A.F. 1986. Mites of public health importance and their control. Mimeographed document WHO/VBC/86.931, 52 pp. World Health Organization, Geneva.
• [14] Bush A.O., Lafferty K.D., Lotz J.M., Shostak A.W. 1997. Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited. The Journal of Parasitology 83: 575-583. doi:10.2307/3284227
• [15] Khalid M.M., Morsy T.A., El-Shennawy S.A., Farrag A.K., Sabry A.A., Mostafa H.A. 1992. Studies on flea fauna in El-Fayoum Governorate. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 22: 783-799.
• [16] Schwan T.G., Lopez J.E., Safronetz D., Anderson J.M., Fischer R.J., Maïga O., Sogoba N. 2016. Fleas and trypanosomes of peridomestic small mammals in sub-Saharan Mali. Parasites and Vectors 9: 541. doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1818-5
• [17] Bitam I., Dittmar K., Parola P.,Whiting M.F., Raoult D. 2010. Fleas and flea-borne diseases. International Journal of Infectious Disease 14: e667-e676. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.11.011
• [18] Gage K.L. 1999. Plague surveillance. Plague manual. Epidemiology, distribution, surveillance and control. WHO/CD/CRS/EDC/99.2. CRS Publications.
• [19] Azad A.F., Traub R. 1987. Transmission of Murine Typhus Rickettsiae by Leptopsylla segnis (Siphonaptera: Leptopsyllidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 24: 689-693. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/24.6.689
• [20] Durden L.A. 2001. Lice (Phthiraptera). In: Parasitic diseases of wild mammals. (Eds. W.M. Samuel, M.J. Pybus, A.A. Kocan). Iowa State University Press, Ames: 3-17.
• [21] Hendrix M.C. 1998. Diagnostic veterinary parasitology. 4th Ed., Naple-Vial book MFG group, USA.
• [22] Kristofik J., Lysy J. 1992. Seasonal dynamics of sucking lice (Anoplura) in small mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia) in the natural foci of infections in South West Slovakia. Biológia 47: 605-617.
• [23] Briscoe M.S. 1956. Kinds and distribution of wild rodents and their ectoparasites in Egypt. The American Midland Naturalist 55: 393-408. doi:10.2307/2422601
• [24] Arends J.J. 1991. External parasites and poultry pests. In: Diseases of poultry. (Ed. B.W. Calnek). London, Wolfe Publishing: 702-730.
• [25] Fox J.G. 1982. Outbreak of tropical rat mite dermatitis in laboratory personnel. Arch Dermatology 118: 676-678. doi:10.1001/archderm.1982.01650210056019
• [26] Beck W. 2008. Occurrence of a house-infesting tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) on murides and human beings. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 6: 245-249. doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2008.01.002
• [27] Watson J. 2008. New building, old parasite: Mesostigmatid mites-an ever-present threat to barrier rodent facilities. ILAR Journal 49: 303-309. doi:10.1093/ilar.49.3.303
• [28] Kaminskienė E., Radzijevskaja J., Balčiauskas L., Gedminas V., Paulauskas A. 2017. Laelapidae mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) infesting small rodents in the Curonian Spit, Lithuania. Biologija 63: 169-176. https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v63i2.3528
• [29] Poláciková Z. 2013. Ecology of mites (Acarina) on small mammals (Eulipotyphla, Rodentia) in Podunajská nizina plain. Biologia 68: 162-169. doi:10.2478/s11756-012-0133-7
• [30] Ahamad M., Ibrahim H., Bujang M.K., Sah S.A., Mohamad N., Nor S.M., Ahmad A.H., Ho T.M. 2013. A survey of acarine ectoparasites of bats (Chiroptera) in Malaysia. Journal of Medical Entomology 50: 140-146. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME11240
• [31] Olwoch J.M., Van Jaarsveld A.S., Scholtz C.H., Horak I.G. 2007. Climate change and the genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Africa. The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 74: 45-72.
• [32] Giglioti R., Oliveira H.N., Bilhassi T.B., Portilho A.I., Okino C.H., Marcondes C.R., Oliveira M.S. 2018. Estimates of repeatability and correlations of hemoparasites infection levels for cattle reared in endemic areas for Rhipicephalus microplus. Veterinary Parasitology 250: 78-84. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.12.010
• [33] Hillegass M.A., Waterman J.M., Roth J.D. 2008. The influence of sex and sociality on parasite loads in an African ground squirrel. Behavioral Ecology 19: 1006-1011. doi:10.1093/beheco/arn070
• [34] Moore S.L., Wilson K. 2002. Parasites as a viability cost of sexual selection in natural populations of mammals. Science 297: 2015-2018. doi:10.1126/science.1074196
• [35] Krishnasamy M., Singh K.I., Ambu S., Ramachandran P. 1980. Seasonal prevalence of the helminth fauna of the wood rat Rattus tiomanicus (Miller) in West Malaysia. Folia Parasitologica 27: 231-235.
• [36] Hawlena H., Abramsky Z., Krasnov B.R. 2006. Ectoparasites and age-dependent survival in a desert rodent. Oecologia 148: 30-39. doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0345-4
• [37] Kowalski K., Bogdziewicz M., Eichert U., Rychlik L. 2015. Sex differences in flea infections among rodent hosts: is there a male bias? Parasitology Research 14: 337-341. doi:10.1007/s00436-014-4231-z
• [38] Cueto V.R., Cagnoni M., Piantanida M.J. 1995. Habitat use of Scapteromys tumidus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in the delta of the Paraná River, Argentina. Mammalia 59: 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1995.59.1.25
• [39] Krasnov B.R., Bordes F., Khokhlova I.S., Morand S. 2012. Gender-biased parasitism in small mammals: patterns, mechanisms, consequences. Mammalia 76: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2011-0108.
• [40] Mohd Zain S.N. 2008. Endoparasites of rodents in two islands of the Straits of Malacca. Malaysian Journal of Science 27: 123-127.
• [41] Klein S.L. 2004. Hormonal and immunological mechanisms mediating sex differences in parasite infection. Parasite Immunology 26: 247-264. doi:10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00710.x
• [42] Gorrell J.C., Schulte-Hostedde A.I. 2008. Patterns of parasitism and body size in red squirrels (Tamiasciunes hudsonicus). Canadian Journal of Zoology 86: 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1139/Z07-123
• [43] Khokhlova I.S., Spiny M., Krasnov B.R., Degen A.A. 2004. Immune response to fleas in a wild desert rodent: effect of parasite species, parasite burden, sex of host and host parasitological experience. The Journal of Experimental Biology 207: 2725-2733. doi:10.1242/jeb.01090
• [44] Krasnov B.R., Morand S., Hawlena H., Khokhlova I.S., Shenbrot G.I. 2005. Sex-based parasitism, seasonality and sexual size dimorphism in desert rodents. Oecologia 146: 209-217. doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0189-y

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.17420/ap6504.228