Zastosowanie biostymulatorów w hodowli i ochronie sadzonek dębu szypułkowego (Quercus robur L.) w gruntowej szkółce leśnej

• Autorzy: Buraczyk W. , Zybura H. , Ostaszewska E. , Studnicki M. , Aleksandrowicz-Trzcinska M.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Application of biostimulators in the growth and protection of pedunculated oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings in bare-root nursery

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Pedunculate oak is a species of major economic importance in Polish forests. This species seedlings constitute 18.9% of the nursery production in the country. One of the most widespread fungal disease these oaks face is the oak powdery mildew induced by Erysiphe alphitoides. Nursery production is on the lookout for environment−friendly means of plant protection as well as growth simulators capable of raising levels of productivity. Our objectives was to assess two preparation treatments regarded as biostimulators (registered as fertilisers under the names Apol−Humus and Apol−Hum Chelat) in the raising of seedlings of pedunculate oak in bare−root nursery conditions. The experiment included 6 variants with seedlings treated with the above agents, protected against mildew in the traditional way using Falcon 460 EC, treated with fertiliser and fungicide at the same time, or left as control specimens with no measures taken. All preparations were applied by means of foliar spraying 5 times in the course of the season. Survival of seedlings was then assessed at the season end, along with biometric features like root−collar diameter, length of main root and stem, dry mass of leaves and stem, and degree of oak powdery mildew attack. Results indicated curtailment of mildew infection of oak seedlings thanks to both of the biostimulators, albeit to a more limited extent than when fungicide was applied. No stimulation of seedling growth was achieved, however, though the most favourable biometric parameters characterised the oaks supplied with both biostimulator and fungicide. Significantly higher survival rate was noted for oaks offered effective protection against mildew, in the variants with the fungicide or with simultaneous application of Apol−Humus or Apol−Hum Chelat with Falcon. The research points to the two biostimulators under study (based on natural components) being suitable for use in the nursery production of pedunculate oak seedlings, with it being presumed that either or both can allow for reduction in amount of fungicide necessary to be used to safeguard seedlings against mildew.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

lesnictwo; hodowla lasu; szkolki lesne; sadzonki; dab szypulkowy; Quercus robur; ochrona roslin; biostymulatory; chitozan; kwasy humusowe; kwas fulwowy; krzem

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Sylwan
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: 164
• Numer: 04
• Opis fizyczny: s.292-299,rys.,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Buraczyk W.

• Katedra Hodowli Lasu, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, ul.Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa

autor

Zybura H.

• Katedra Hodowli Lasu, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, ul.Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa

autor

Ostaszewska E.

• Katedra Hodowli Lasu, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, ul.Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa

autor

Studnicki M.

• Katedra Doświadczalnictwa i Bioinformatyki, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, ul.Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa

autor

Aleksandrowicz-Trzcinska M.

• Katedra Ochrony Lasu, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, ul.Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa

Bibliografia

• Aleksandrowicz-Trzcińska M., Bogusiewicz A., Szkop M., Drozdowski S. 2015. Effect of chitosan on disease control and growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in forest nursery. Forests 6 (9): 3165-3176.
• Calvo P., Nelson L., Kloepper J. W. 2014. Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant Soil 383: 3-41.
• Cho M. H., No H. K., Prinyawiwatkul W. 2008. Chitosan treatments affect growth and selected quality of sunflower sprouts. Journal of Food Science 73 (1): 70-77.
• Deshmukh R. K., Ma J. F., Bélanger R. R. 2017. Editoral: Role of silicon in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: 1858.
• El Hadrami A., Adam L. R., El Hadrami I., Daayf F. 2010. Chitosan in plant protection. Marine Drugs 8: 968-987.
• Fajardo J. E., Waniska R. D., Cureo R. G., Petit R. E. 1994. Phenolic compounds in peanut seeds: enhanced elicitation by chitosan and effects on growth and aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus. Food Biotechnology 8: 191-211.
• Gawrońska H., Przybysz A. 2011. Biostymulatory: mechanizmy zastosowania i przykłady zastosowań. Materiały konferencyjne TSW. Warszawa, 5-6 stycznia 2011 r. 7-13.
• Grzesik M., Janas R., Romanowska-Duda Z. 2016. Stimulatory impact of various applications of innovative biological agents Apol-Humus and Stymjod on development and physiological activity of Jerusalem artichoke grown for energy biomass. Book of Abstracts 11th International Conference on Agrophysics: Soil, Plant, and Climate. 26th-28th September 2016. Lublin, Poland. 112.
• Hernández-Lauzardo A. N., Vega-Pérez J., Velázquez-del Valle M. G, Sánchez N. S., Peńa A., Guerra-Sánchez G. 2011. Changes in the functionality of plasma membrane of Rhizopus stolonifer by addition of chitosan. Journal of Phytopathology 159: 563-568.
• Janas R., Grzesik M. 2018. Ocena fizjologicznych, biologicznych i fizycznych metod uszlachetniania nasion sałaty przeznaczonych do wysiewu na plantacjach ekologicznych. W: Łuczycka D. [red.]. Rolnictwo XXI wieku – problemy i wyzwania. Idea Knowledge Future, Wrocław.
• Kozak M., Wondołowska-Grabowska A., Serafin-Andrzejewska M., Gniadzik M., Kozak M. K. 2016. Biostymulatory – wczoraj, dziś i jutro. W: Łuczyńska D. [red.]. Rolnictwo XXI wieku – problemy i wyzwania. Idea Knowledge Future, Wrocław. 114-122.
• Krótkoterminowa prognoza występowania ważniejszych szkodników i chorób infekcyjnych drzew leśnych w Polsce w 2019 roku. 2019. IBL, Analizy i Raporty 31.
• Kuc T., Aleksandrowicz-Trzcińska M. 2012a. Wpływ fungicydów stosowanych w ochronie przed mączniakiem prawdziwym na wzrost i kolonizację mikoryzową hodowanych w kontenerach sadzonek dębu. Sylwan 156 (9): 672-683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26202/sylwan.2012012.
• Kuc T., Aleksandrowicz-Trzcińska M. 2012b. Sterowana mikoryzacja i doglebowa aplikacja fungicydów w hodowli dębu szypułkowego. I. Kolonizacja mikoryzowa i wzrost sadzonek z zakrytym systemem korzeniowym w szkółce. Sylwan 156 (10):765-775. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26202/sylwan.2012013.
• Kumaraswamy R. V., Kumari S., Choudhary R. C., Pal A., Raliya R. 2018. Engineered chitosan based nanomaterials: Bioactivities, mechanisms and perspectives in plant protection and growth. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 113: 494-506.
• Laflamme P., Benhamou N., Bussičres G., Dessureault M. 2000. Differential effects of chitosan on root rot fungal pathogens in forest nurseries. Canadian Journal of Botany 77 (10): 1460-1468.
• Li B., Liu B., Shan C., Ibrahim M., Lou Y., Wang Y., Xie G., Li H., Sun G. 2011. Antibacterial activity of two chitosan solutions and their effect on rice bacterial leaf blight and leaf streak. Pest Management Science 69: 312--320.
• Manjunatha G., Niranjan-Raj S., Prashanth S. D., Amruthesh K. N., Shetty H. S. 2008a. Nitric oxide is involved in chitosan-induced systemic resistance in pearl millet against downy mildew disease. Pest Management Science 65: 737-743.
• Manjunatha G., Ropa K. S., Geetha N. P., Shetty H. S. 2008b. Chitosan enhances disease resistance in pearl millet against downy mildew caused by Sclerospora graminicola and defence-related enzyme activation. Pest Management Science 64: 1250-1257.
• Marçais B., Desprez-Loustau M.-L. 2014. European oak powdery mildew: impact on trees, effects of environmental factors, and potential effects of climate change. Annals of Forest Science 71: 633-642.
• Matyjaszczyk E. 2015. The introduction of biostimulants on the Polish market. The present situation and legal requirements. Wprowadzenie biostymulatorów do obrotu handlowego w Polsce. Sytuacja bieżąca i uwarunkowania prawne. Przemysł Chemiczny 94 (10): 1841-1844.
• Padney P., Verma M. K., De N. 2018. Chitosan i agricultural context – A review. Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci. 7 (4): 87-96.
• Pizzeghello D., Nicolini G., Nardi S. 2002. Hormon-like activities of humic substances in different forest ecosystems. New Phytol. 155: 393-402.
• Pospieszny H., Chirkov S., Atabekov J. 1991. Induction of antiviral resistance in plants by chitosan. Plant Science 79: 63-68.
• Raafat D., Sahl H.-G. 2009. Chitosan and its antimicrobial potential – a critical literature survey. Microbial Biotechnology 2 (2): 186-201.
• Reddy M. V., Arul J., Angers P., Couture L. 1999. Chitosan treatment of wheat seeds induces resistance to Fusarium graminearun and improves seed quality. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47: 1208-1216.
• Sacała E. 2009. Role of silicon in plant resistance to water stress. J. Elementol. 14 (3): 619-630.
• Sathiyabama M., Balasubramanian R. 1998. Chitosan induce resistance components in Arachis hypogaea against leaf rust caused by Puccinia arachidis Speg. Crop Protection 17 (4): 307-313.
• Sharp R. G. 2013. A review of the applications of chitin and its derivatives in agriculture to modify plant-microbial interactions and improve crop yields. Agronomy 3: 757-793.
• Trevisan S., Francioso O., Quaggiotti S., Nardi S. 2010. Humic substances biological activity at the plant-soil interface. Plant Signaling and Behavior 5 (6): 635-643.
• Tubana B. S., Babu T., Datnoff L. E. 2016. A review of silicon in soil and plants and its role in US agriculture: History and Future perspectives. Soil Science 180 (9/10): 393-411.
• Wang M., Gao L., Dong S., Sun Y., Shen Q., Guo S. 2017. Role of silicon on plant-pathogen interactions. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: 701.
• Zuppini A., Baldan B., Millioni R., Favaron F., Navazio L., Mariani P. 2003. Chitosan induces Ca2+ – mediated programmed cell death in soybean cells. New Phytologist 161: 557-568.

Identyfikatory

DOI

/10.26202/sylwan.2020028