Assessment of drainage system standards of forest roads in iran using GIS

• Autorzy: Eskandari S. , Hosseini S. A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Forest roads should be constructed according to standards and particular attention needs to be given to forest roads in planning and management schemes to develop sustainable forest infrastructure. The creation of standards for drainage systems is one of the most important technical developments in forest road construction. Seri 1 of Darabkola forest has been located in the central part of the northern Alborz Mountains in basin 74 and in 15-kilometer distance of Sari in Iran and covers an area of 2,612 hectares. In this research slope and aspect maps of the Seri 1 of Darabkola forest were prepared using Arcview 3.1 and ArcGIS 9.1 to evaluate drainage. In addition, factors effecting road drainage were measured and evaluated: road width, cross and longitudinal slopes of roads, ranges of excavation and embankment slopes, longitudinal slope of ditches, and basal area of ditches at intervals of 1.5 kilometers of forest road and for each 40 meters of each section. Sample points of locations were taken using global positioning system (GPS) and a related map was prepared. Measurements of culverts were taken for diameter and distances apart from each other in the existing drainage system as well as locations that were also recorded using GPS. In addition, road routes were tracked and recorded using GPS to obtain the desired accuracy. Finally, the drainage system of the forest road was compared to the accepted standards. Results showed that there was significant difference between the current drainage system of Seri 1 of Darabkola forest roads and accepted standards, but in some cases evaluation of the existing drainage systems on these roads demonstrated that they were in accordance with accepted standards.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 22
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.675-682,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Eskandari S.

• Department of Forestry, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, I. R. Iran

autor

Hosseini S. A.

• Department of Forestry, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, I. R. Iran

Bibliografia

• 1. POUA K., MAJNOUNIAN B., FEGHHI J., LOTFALIAN M., ABDI A. Application of Beckmound method in evaluating of forest roads network in ground skidding method with Skidder, case study: Namkhane Seri of Kheiroud Kenar forest. Iran Forest journal, 1, 35, 2009.
• 2. EGAN A., JENKINS A., ROWE J. Forest road in west Virgina, USA: Virgina University Morgan, Town, WV, USA. pp. 8, 1985.
• 3. FAO, Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 46, CROPWAT: A Computer Program for Irrigation Planning and Management, pp. 48, 1992.
• 4. GOSAR M. Mercury in River Sediments, Floodplains and Plants Growing thereon in Drainage Area of Idrija Mine, Slovenia. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 17, (2), 227, 2008.
• 5. SARIKHANI N., MAJNOUNIAN B. Guide of plan, perform and exploitation of forest roads. journal of number 131, program and budget organization press, pp. 170, 2005.
• 6. MAJNOUNIAN B., MAHDAVI M., NIKOUYI M. Cross drainage designing of forest roads in Siyahbil Seri in Asalam watershed Basin, Iran Natural Resources Journal, 58, (2), 339, 2005.
• 7. AREVALO J. R., DELGADO J. D., OTTO R., NARANJO A., SALAS M., ANDES-PALACIOS J. Exotic species in the roadside plant communities through an altitudinal gradient in Tenerife and Gran Canarina (Canary Islands). Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 7, 185, 2005.
• 8. HOSSEINI S. A., JALILVAND H., POURMAJIDIAN M. R., PARSAKHOO A. Effects of forest road clearings on understory diversity beneath Alnus subcordata L. stands in Iran. Maejo Int. J. Sci. Technol. 5, (02), 241, 2011.
• 9. JUSZCZAK R., KĘDZIORA A., OLEJNIK J. Assessment of Water Retention Capacity of Small Ponds in Wyskoć Agricultural-Forest Catchment in Western Poland. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 16, (5), 685, 2007.
• 10. ANON E. How to install corrugated steel culverts. Nova Scotia. Dep. Environment, 9- 27, 1995.
• 11. SWIFT LW. Forest Road design to minimize Erosion in the Southern Appalachian Proceedings of forestry and water quality: a mid-south symposium. Monticello, AR: University of Arkansas, 141-151, 1985.
• 12. BRAKE D., MOLNAU M. Sediment transport distances culvert spacing on logging roads with in the Oregon cost mountain range. USA. pp. 21, 2001.
• 13. BRINKER RW. Forest Road and Construction Associated Water Diverson Devises. Alaban Cooperatives Extension System, ANR 916, pp. 27, 1995.
• 14. KHALILPOUR AMIRI H. investigation of drainage factors in Estakhrposht forest in Neka. MS thesis, Mazandaran University, Iran, pp. 73, 2007.
• 15. AKBARI FARDI R. Determination of culvert diameter in forest road. MS thesis, Mazandaran University, Iran, pp. 108, 2007.
• 16. OSMA E., ÖZYIĞIT İ. İ., ALTAY V., SERIN M. Urban vascular flora and ecological characteristics of Kadıköy district, Istanbul, Turkey, Maejo Int. J. Sci. Technol. 4, 64, 2010.
• 17. Office of Educational and Research Forest of Department of Natural Resources of Sari, Seri 1 of Darabkola forestry plan, pp. 550, 2004.
• 18. FAO, Description of the environmentally sound road construction technique in steep terrain. Forestry department, pp. 22, 2006.
• 19. FAO, drainage systems and protection works for forest roads. Forestry department, pp. 10, 2007.