Determining multivariate analysis sampling frequency for monitoring contamination caused by trout farms

• Autorzy: Tavakol M. , Arjmandi R. , Shayeghi M. , Monavari S.M. , Karbassi A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Recent rapid growth of the aquaculture industry and the necessity to comply with environmental standards suggest the need for studies on the possible negative effects of this type of industry. One of the most devastating effects of aquaculture is water pollution caused by the discharge of untreated effluent from fish farms into aquatic ecosystems. Assessment of the pollutants requires an optimal design of a water monitoring network in a way to demonstrate changes in aquatic environments. Accordingly, the present study used multivariate statistical analysis to determine sampling frequency for optimal monitoring of the contaminants resulting from trout farms in the Haraz River in northern Iran. For this purpose, a total number of 17 physical and chemical water quality parameters were sampled monthly over a one-year period based on the instructions recommended in the standard method (2005) [1]. The results showed that changes in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) during the warm months of summer were very high and reached its peak in August and September. This may be attributed to the increased fish production in fish farms, increased food intake to feed the fish, and higher rate of discharge from fish farms containing waste feed and fish faeces. The nitrate also reached its maximum level in June due to the same reasons. Conversely, dissolved oxygen (DO) level was the lowest in the warm months (August and September). The reason would be increased consumption of DO due to higher production rate in the fish farms and increased metabolism of fish in warm months. Overall, the findings confirmed the applicability of multivariate techniques in determining temporal frequency of the measurements during the monitoring period. By which it would be possible to recognize the reality of changes in water quality, with fewer measurements, and in less time and cost.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: 26
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.337-346,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Tavakol M.

• Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

autor

Arjmandi R.

• Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

autor

Shayeghi M.

• Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

autor

Monavari S.M.

• Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

autor

Karbassi A.

• Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

Bibliografia

• 1. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21th edn, American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington DC, USA. 2005.
• 2. Authman M.M.N., Abbas W.T., Gaafar A.Y. Metals concentrations in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) from illegal fish farm in Al-Minufiya Province, Egypt, and their effects on some tissues structures. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 84, 163, 2012.
• 3. Martinez-Garcia E., Sanchez-Jerez P., Aguado-Giménez F., Ávila P., Guerrero A., Sánchez-Lizaso J.L., Fernandez-Gonzalez V., González N., Ignasi Gairin J., Carballeira C., García-García B., Carreras J., Carlos Macías J., Carballeira A., Collado C. A metaanalysis approach to the effects of fish farming on soft bottom olychaeta assemblages in temperate regions. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 69 (1-2), 165, 2013.
• 4. Kalantzi I., Shimmield T.M., Pergantis S.A., Papageorgiou N., Black K.D., Karakassis I. Heavy metals, trace elements and sediment geochemistry at four Mediterranean fish farms. Science of the Total Environment, 444, 128-137, 2013.
• 5. Rabassó M., Hernández J.M. Bioeconomic analysis of the environmental impact of a marine fish farm. Journal of Environmental Management, 158, 24, 2015.
• 6. Esmaeili Sari A. The principles of water qualitative management in aquaculture, Iranian fisheries research Institute, 2000.
• 7. Dos Santos Rosa R., Carolina Fornero Aguiar A., Gonçalves Boëchat I., Gücker B. Impacts of fish farm pollution on ecosystem structure and function of tropical headwater streams. Environmental Pollution, 174, 204, 2013.
• 8. Cartier L.E., Carpenter K.E. The influence of pearl oyster farming on reef fish abundance and diversity in Ahe, French Polynesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 78 (1-2), 43, 2014.
• 9. Herath S.S., Satoh S. 15-Environmental impact of phosphorus and nitrogen from aquaculture. Feed and Feeding Practices in Aquaculture, 369, 2015.
• 10. Jiang Zh., Liao Y., Liu J., Shou L., Chen Q., Yan X., Zhu G., Zeng J. Effects of fish farming on phytoplankton community under the thermal stress caused by a power plant in a eutrophic, semi-enclosed bay: Induce toxic dinoflagellate (Prorocentrum minimum) blooms in cold seasons. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 76 (1-2), 315, 2013.
• 11. Iranian Fisheries Corporation. The report on the hydrology of Haraz River, the faculty of natural resources and marine sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 75, 2005.
• 12. Harnisz M., Korzeniewska E., Gołaś I. The impact of a freshwater fish farm on the community of tetracycline-resistant bacteria and the structure of tetracycline resistance genes in river water. Chemosphere, 128, 134-141, 2015.
• 13. Jan R.Q., Kao Sh.J., Dai Ch.F., Ho Ch.T. Assessment of the effects of cage fish-farming on damselfish-associated food chains using stable-isotope analyses. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 86 (1-2), 111, 2014.
• 14. Thi Anh P., Kroeze C., Bush S.R., Mol A.P.J. Water pollution by intensive brackish shrimp farming in south-east Vietnam: Causes and options for control. Agricultural Water Management, 97 (6), 872, 2010.
• 15. Pine H.J., Boyd C.E. Stream Salinization by Inland Brackish-Water Aquaculture. Journal: North American Journal of Aquaculture, 73 (2), 107, 2011.
• 16. Saremi A., Saremi K., Saremi A., Sadeghi M., Sedghi H. The effect of aquaculture effluents on water quality parameters of Haraz River. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 12 (2), 445, 2013.
• 17. Mohseni-Bandpei A., Yousefi Z. Status of Water Quality Parameters along Haraz River. International Journal of Environmental Research, 7 (4), 1029, 2013.
• 18. Ruiz-Zarzuela I.L., Halaihel N, Balcázar J.L., Ortega C., Vendrell D., Pérez T., Alonso J.L., de Blas I. Effect of fish farming on the water quality of rivers in northeast Spain. Water Science and Technology, 60 (3), 663, 2009.
• 19. Varedi S.E., Nasrollahzadeh H.S., Farabi S.M.V., Vahedi F. Characterization and Impact of Rainbow Trout Farm Effluent on Water Quality of Haraz River. 8th International River Engineering Conference, Ahwaz, Iran, 2009.
• 20. Mahboobi Soofiani N., Hatami R., Hemami M. R., Ebrahimi E. Effects of Trout Farm Effluent on Water Quality and the Macrobenthic Invertebrate Community of the Zayandeh-Roud River, Iran. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 74 (2), 132, 2012.
• 21. Iranian Statistics Center. General census of population and housing. Detailed results of Amol City, Iranian Statistics Center Publications, 2007.
• 22. Afshinnezhad Y. Iran’s Rivers, Second volume; Ministry of Energy Publications – Jamab Engineering Advisory Company. Iranian Fisheries Journal, 2, 28, 1994.
• 23. Roshan Tabari M. Hydrology and hydrobiology of Haraz River.Iranian Journal of Fish, 2, 28, 1995 [In Persian].
• 24. Karamouz M., Karachian R. Quality management of water resources. Amirkabir University of Technology Publications, Tehran, Iran, 256, 2003.
• 25. Raczyńska M., Machula S., Choiński A., Sobkowiak L. Influence of the fish pond aquaculture effluent discharge on abiotic environmental factors of selected rivers in Northwest Poland. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32 (3), 160, 2012.
• 26. Farmaki E.G., Thomaidis N.S., Pasias I.N., Baulard C., Papaharisis L., Efstathiou C.E. Environmental impact of intensive aquaculture: Investigation on the accumulation of metals and nutrients in marine sediments of Greece. Science of The Total Environment, 485, 554, 2015.
• 27. León-Muñoz J., Echeverría C., Marcé R., Riss W., Sherman B., Luis Iriarte J. The combined impact of land use change and aquaculture on sediment and water quality in oligotrophic Lake Rupanco (North Patagonia, Chile, 40.8°S). Journal of Environmental Management, 128, 283, 2013.
• 28. Lopes F.B., de Andrade E.M., Meireles A.C.M., Becker H., Batista A.A. Assessment of the water quality in a large reservoir in semiarid region of Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 18 (4), 437, 2014.
• 29. Ismail A.H., Abed B.Sh., Abdul Sh. Application of Multivariate Statistical Techniques in the surface water quality Assessment of Tigris River at Baghdad stretch, Iraq. Journal of Babylon University/Engineering Sciences, 22 (2), 450, 2014.
• 30. Mohamed I., Othman F., Ibrahim A.I., Alaa-Eldin M.E., Yunus R.M. Assessment of water quality parameters using multivariate analysis for Klang River basin, Malaysia. Environmental Monitorring and AssessMent, 187 (1), 4182, 2015. Doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-4182-y
• 31. Guigues N., Desenfant M., Hance E. Combining multivariate statistics and analysis of variance to redesign a water quality monitoring network. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 15, 1692, 2013.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.15244/pjoes/64377