Features of the fossil record of evolution

• Autorzy: Dzik J.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Właściwosci kopalnego zapisu ewolucji

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Neither allopatric speciations nor extinctions of lineages are directly observable in the fossil record. This significantly reduces the value of inferred durations of taxa as a basis for studies on patterns of evolution. The ranges of taxa detected in rock strata are inevitably shorter than the real durations of lineages. Rates of evolution estimated by counting reported ranges of taxa therefore appear higher than they really were. Biometric studies of gradually evolving lineages indicate that the durations of ‘species’ (morphologies) were actually many times longer. Therefore, the ancestor-descendant relationships along monospecific lineages remain the most important subjects of study in evolutionary paleontology. A way, in which an ancestor-descendant hypothesis can be falsified, is presented.

PL

Testowalność rekonstrukcji przebiegu ewolucji jest jednym z najważniejszych zagadnień paleontologii ewolucyjnej. Wiąże się bezpośrednio z fundamentalnym problemem, czy drzewo rodowe spełnia wymagania stawiane teoriom naukowym. Jego rozstrzygnięcie wymaga precyzyjnego i jednoznacznego sformułowania zasad tworzenia hipotez o powiązaniach ewolucyjnych. Nie wystarcza konstruowanie ich przy użyciu obciążonych subiektywizmem pojęć taksonu i pokrewieństwa krwi. Obiektywnie wyróżnialne są natomiast zespoły skamieniałości w obrębie prób paleontologicznych wykazujące ciągły i jednomodalny rozkład zmienności morfologicznej (odpowiadające neontologicznym fenonom Mayra), które obejmują na tyle krótki odcinek czasu geologicznego, że przemiany ewolucyjne nie deformują w nich rozkładu zmienności. Hipotezy o stosunku pokrewieństwa przodek-potomek dotyczące co najmniej dwu takich jednostek o różnym wieku geologicznym są możliwe do obalenia (sfalsyfikowania) na gruncie paleontologii.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

paleontology; fossil record; evolution; methodology

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 1991
• Tom: 36
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.91-113,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Dzik J.

• Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al.Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland

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