Impact of light spectral composition and ozone fumigation on chlorophyll content changes and optical properties of broccoli leaves

• Autorzy: Skoczowski A. , Czyczylo-Mysza I. , Skwarek A. , Pilarski J. , Grzesiak W. , Nowak T.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ składu spektralnego światła i fumigacji ozonem na zmiany zawartości chlorofilu i właściwości optyczne liści brokułu

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of spectral composition of irradiation (white - WL or white supplemented by blue radiation - WBL) and ozone on chlorophyll content and the optical properties of broccoli leaves (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis cymosa). Broccoli leaves were injured by the ozone dose applied (70 ppb, 6 hours daily) mainly under WBL. Leaf lamina damage was much larger in the outer, physiologically older part than in the inner, physiologically younger part. Therefore, further studies were carried out separately on leaf fragments from the outer(OP) and the inner parts (IP). The spectrophotometric analysis did not reveal significant differences in the chlorophyll content between treatments. The variations in reflectance in the visible region (400-700 nm) were generally not significant with respect to tissue age (OP, IP), ozone fumigation and growth conditions (WBL, WL). Only in plants grown under WBL there was an increase in green reflectance in ozone-treated leaves observed, which indicates a decrease in the chlorophyll content in leaves. Thus, measurements of the optical properties of leaves provide more precise information about changes in the content of chlorophyll than spectrophotometry. Leaves under WBL showed significant differences in reflection within the range 800-1100 nm, which depended on the physiological age of the tissue. For physiologically older tissues, values of reflection were lower than those for physiologically younger tissues. However, under WL conditions, a decrease in reflection within the 800-1100 nm rangę depended only on ozone fumigation. Response of broccoli leaves to spectral composition of irradiation and ozone stress was much higher for irradiation transmission than for reflection. Compared to the control, ozone fumigation of broccoli leaves grown in WBL increased irradiation transmission in OP and IP leaf fragments, both in the 500-700 nm and 750-1100 nm ranges. For plants growing in WL no influence of ozone fumigation on the transmission of irradiation within the visible range was observed. However, fumigation with ozone resulted in a significant decrease in the transmission within the infrared range (750 to 1100 nm). The results indicate the major role of irradiation spectral composition in plant response to ozone stress. The modifications may affect Chl content, leaf temperature and, what is more important, phytochrome-controlled morphogenetic processes.

PL

Celem prezentowanych badań było zbadanie wpływu składu spektralnego promieniowania (światło białe - WL lub białe wzbogacone o światło niebieskie - WBL) i stresu ozonowego na zawartość chlorofilu i właściwości optyczne liści brokułu (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis cymosa). Zastosowana dawka ozonu (70 ppb, 6 godz. dziennie) uszkadzała liście brokułu głównie na świetle WBL. Blaszka liściowa była uszkadzana w większym stopniu w części zewnętrznej, fizjologicznie starszej, niż w części wewnętrznej, fizjologicznie młodszej. Dlatego dalsze badania wykonywano osobno na fragmentach liścia pochodzących z jego zewnętrznej i wewnętrznej części. Analizy spektrofotometryczne nie wykazały istotnych różnic w zawartości chlorofilu pomiędzy obiektami. Różnice w refleksji promieniowania w zakresie widzialnym (400-700 nm) nie zależały od wieku fizjologicznego tkanki, fumigacji ozonem ani od warunków świetlnych. Jedynie u roślin rosnących w warunkach stresu ozonowego pod WBL obserwowano wzrost wartości refleksji światła zielonego, wskazujący na spadek zawartości chlorofilu w liściach. Wskazuje to, że pomiary własności optycznych liści dają bardziej precyzyjną informację o zawartości chlorofilu niż pomiary spektrofotometryczne. Liście rosnące pod WBL wykazywały, w zależności od wieku fizjologicznego tkanki, istotne zróżnicowanie w refleksji promieniowania w zakresie 800-1100 nm. Tkanki fizjologicznie starsze wykazywały niższe wartości refleksji niż te, fizjologicznie młodsze. Jednakże w warunkach wzrostu pod WL, spadek refleksji promieniowania w zakresie 800-1100 nm zależał wyłącznie od fumigacji ozonem. Odpowiedź liści brokułu na stres ozonowy, w zróżnicowanych warunkach składu spektralnego światła, była znacznie bardziej widoczna w przypadku zmian absorpcji promieniowania niż jego refleksji. W porównaniu z kontrolą fumigacja ozonem liści rosnących pod WBL podwyższała transmisję promieniowania w zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych fragmentach liścia zarówno w zakresie 500-700 nm jak i 750-1100 nm. U roślin rosnących pod WL nie obserwowano wpływu ozonu na transmisję promieniowania w zakresie widzialnym. Jednakże fumigacja ozonem powodowała u tych roślin spadek transmisji promieniowania w zakresie bliskiej podczerwieni (750-1100 nm). Otrzymane rezultaty wskazują na istotną rolę składu spektralnego promieniowania w odpowiedzi roślin na stres ozonowy. Modyfikacje odpowiedzi mogą dotyczyć wpływu na zawartość chlorofilu, temperaturę liści oraz na kontrolowane przez fitochrom procesy fotomorfogenetyczne.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

light spectral composition; ozone fumigation; chlorophyll content; content change; optical property; broccoli; leaf; blue light; Brassica oleracea var.botrytis

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: 545
• Opis fizyczny: p.357-373,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Skoczowski A.

• Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland

autor

Czyczylo-Mysza I.

autor

Skwarek A.

autor

Pilarski J.

autor

Grzesiak W.

autor

Nowak T.

Bibliografia

• Ahern F.J. 1988. The effect of bark beetle stress on the foliar spectral reflectance of lodgepole pine. Int. J. Remote Sens. 9: 1451-1468.
• Baldini E., Facini O., Nerozzi F., Rossi F., Rotondi A. 1997. Leaf characteristics and optical properties of different woody species. Trees 12: 73-81.
• Bowman W.D. 1989. The relationship between leaf water status, gas exchange and spectral reflectance in cotton leaves. Remote Sens. Environ. 30: 249-255.
• Carter D.L., Myers V. 1963. Light reflectance and chlorophyll and carotene contents of grapefruit leaves as affected by Na2SO4, NaCl and CaCl2. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 82: 217-221.
• Carter D.L., Paliwal K., Pathre U., Green T.H., Mitchell R.J., Gjerstand D.H. 1989. Effect of composition and leaf age on visible and infra-red reflectance in pine foliage. Plant Cell Environ. 12: 309-315.
• Carter G.A. 1991. Primary and secondary effect of water content on the reflectance of leaves. Amer. J. Bot. 78: 916-924.
• Carter G.A. 1993. Response of leaf spectral reflectance to plant stress. Amer. J. Bot. 80: 239-243.
• Carter GA., Knapp A.K. 2001. Leaf optical properties in higher plants: lining spectral characteristics to stress and chlorophyll concentration. Amer. J. Bot. 88: 677-684.
• Carter G.A., Mitchell R.J., Chappelka A.H., Brewer Ch.H. 1992. Response of leaf spectral reflectance in Loblolly Pine to increased atmospheric ozone and precipitation acidity. J. Exp. Bot. 43: 577-584.
• Carter G.A., Rebbeck J., Percy K.E. 1993. Leaf optical properties in Liriodendron tulipifera and Pinus strobus as influenced by increased atmospheric ozone and carbon dioxide. Сап. J. For. Res. 25: 407-412.
• Carter G.A., Young D.R. 1993. Foliar spectral reflectance and plant stress on a barrier island. Int. J. Plant. Sci. 154(2): 298-305.
• Causin H.F., Rosa N., Jauregui R.N., Barneix A.J. 2006. The effect of light spectral quality on leaf senescence and oxidative stress in wheat. Plant Sci. 171: 24-33.
• Cure W.W., Nusser S.M., Heagle A.S. 1988. Canopy reflectance of soybean as affected by chronic doses of ozone in ope-top field chambers. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 54: 499-504.
• Czarnowski M. 1993. Zastosowanie spektroradiometrii w ekofizjologii roślin. Wiad. Bot. 37(1/2): 59-72 (in Polish).
• Czarnowski M., Cebula S. 1996. Effect of leaf area index on the spectral transmittance of solar radiation in greenhouse cultivation of sweet pepper plants. Folia Horticulturae 8: 53-72.
• Dat В. 1999. A new reflectance index for remote sensing of chlorophyll content in higher plants: test using Eucalyptus leaves. J. Plant. Physiol. 154: 30-36.
• Duong T.N., Hong L.T.A., Watanabe, H., Goi M., Tanaka M. 2002. Growth of banana plantlets cultured in vitro under red and blue light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation source. Acta Horticulturae 575: 117-124.
• Escobar D.E., Gausman H.W. 1978. Effect of lead on reflectance of Mexican squash plant leaves. J. Rio Grande Valley Horticultural Soc. 32: 81-88.
• Gausman H.W., Rodrigues R.R., Thomas C.E., Bower R.L. 1978. Ozone damage detection in cantaloupe plants. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 44: 481-485.
• Gausman H.W., Quisenberry J.E. 1990. Spectrophotometric detection of plant leaf stress, in: Environmental Injury to Plants. Katterman F. (Red.), Academic Press, San Diego: 257-280.
• Gitelson A., Merzylak M.N. 1994a. Spectral reflectance changes associated with autumn senescence of Aesculus hippocastanum L. and Acer platanoides L. leaves. Spectral features and relation to chlorophyll determination. J. Plant Physiol. 143: 286-292.
• Gitelson A., Merzylak M.N. 1994b. Quantitative estimation of chlorophyll a Rusing reflectance spectra: experiments with autumn chestnut and maple leaves. J. Photochem. Photobiol. (B)22: 247-252.
• Grzesiak M.T., Filek W., Hura T., Kocurek M., Pilarski J. 2009. Leaf optical properties during and after drought stress in triticale and maize genotypes differing in drought tolerance. Acta Physiol. Plant. DOI 10.1007/s11738 009 04 00 6.
• Hoenecke M., Bula R.J., Tibbitts T.W. 1992. Importance of ʽblueʼ photon levels for lettuce seedlings grown under red light-emitting diodes. Hort. Sci. 27: 427-430.
• Horler D.N.H., Barber J., Barringer A.R. 1980. Effect of heavy metals on the absorbance and reflectance spectra of plants. Inter. J. Remote Sens. 1: 121-136.
• Hunt E.R., Rock B.N. 1989. Detection of changes in leaf water content using near- and middle-infra red reflectance. Remote Sens. Environ. 30: 43-54.
• Knapp A.K., Carter G.A. 1998. Variability in leaf optical properties among 26 species from a broad range of habitats. Amer. J. Bot. 85: 940-946.
• Knipling E.B. 1970. Physical and physiological basis for the reflectance of visible and near-infra-red radiation from vegetation. Remote Sens. Environ. 1: 155-159.
• Knudson L.L., Tibbitts T.W., Edwards G.E. 1977. Measurement of ozone injury by determination of leaf chlorophyll concentration. Plant Physiol. 60: 606-608.
• Lichtenthaler H.K. 1989. Possibilities for remote of sensing of terrestrial vegetation by combination of reflectance and laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, in: Proceed. Internat. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS’89, Vancouver, Vol. 3, 1349-1354. Library of Congress, No. 89-84217.
• Lichtenthaler H.K., Gitelson A., Lang M. 1996. Non-destructive determination of chlorophyll content of leaves of a green and aurea mutant of tobacco by reflectance measurements. J. Plant Physiol. 148: 483-493.
• Lichtenthaler H.K, Wellburn A.R. 1987. Chlorophyll and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods Enzymol. 148: 350-382.
• Meinander O., Somersalo S., Holopainen T., Strasser R. 1996. Scots pines after exposure to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide probed by reflectance and chlorophyll a fluorescence transients. J. Plant Physiol. 148: 229-236.
• Milton N.M., Ager C.M., Eiswerth B.A., Power M.S. 1989. Arsenic - and selenium-induced changes in spectral reflectance and morphology of soybean plants. Remote Sens. Environ. 30: 263-269.
• Nelson V.L., Gjerstad D.H., Glover G.R. 1986. Determination nitrogen status of young loblolly pine by leaf reflectance. Tree Physiology 1: 333-339.
• Pilarski J. 2004. Optical properties of plants. in: Analytical methods in plant stress biology. Filek M., Biesaga-Kościelniak J., Marcińska I. (Eds), The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków: 143-158.
• Pilarski J., Kocurek K. 2005. The content of photosynthetic pigments and the light conditions in the fruits and leaves of sweet pepper. Acta Physiol. Plant. 27(2): 173-182.
• Runeckles V.C., Resh H.M. 1975. The assessment of chronic ozone injury to leaves by reflectance spectrophotometry. Atmospheric Environment 9: 447-452.
• Schutt J.B., Bowland R.A., Heggestad H.E. 1984. Identification of injury resulting from atmospheric pollutants using reflectance measurements. J. Environ. Quality 13: 605-608.
• Schwaller M.R., Shnetzler C.C., Marshall P.E. 1983. The changes in leaf reflectance of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) seedlings in response to heavy metals stress. Int. J. Remote Sens. 4: 93-100.
• Smith H. 1986. The perception of light quality, in: Photomorphogenesis in plants. R.E. Kendrick, G.H.M. Kronenberg (Eds). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Dordrechr/Boston/Lancaster: 187-217.
• Skoczowski A., Pieńkowski S., Niewiadomska E., Miszalski Z. 2000. Phytotrone chambers for plant exposure to ozone. Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska-Archives of Environmental Protection 26(2): 129-135.
• Tennessen D.J., Singsaas E.L, Sharkey T.D. 1994. Light-emitting diodes as a light source for photosynthesis research. Photosynth. Res. 39: 85-92.
• Tokarz K., Pilarski J. 2005. Optical properties and the con tent of photosynthetic pigments in the stems and leaves of the apple-tree. Acta Physiol. Plant. 27(2): 183-191.
• Tripathy B.C., Brown C.S. 1995. Root - shoot interaction in the greening of wheat seedlings grown under red light. Plant Physiol. 107: 407-411.
• Ustin S.L., Curtiss B. 1990. Spectral characteristic of ozone-treated conifers. Environ. Exp. Bot. 30: 239-308.
• Vogelmann T.C. 1993. Plant tissue optics. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 44: 231-251.
• Westman W.E., Price C.V. 1988. Spectral changes in conifers subjected to air pollution and water stress: experimental studies. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 26: 11-21.
• Woolley J.T. 1971. Reflectance and transmittance of light by leaves. Plant Physiol. 47: 656-662.
• Yanagi Т., Okamoto K. 1997. Utilization of super-bright light emitting diodes as an artiftcial light source for plant growth. Acta Horticulturae 418: 223-228.
• Yanagi, T., Okamoto, K., Takita S. 1996. Effects of blue, red and blue/red lights of two different PPF levels on growth and morphogenesis of lettuce plants. Acta Horticulturae 440: 117-122.