Fluoride and cadmium content in urine of children in Gdansk

• Autorzy: Czarnowski W , Hac E. , Krechniak J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of this study was (a) to determine the concentration of fluoride and cadmium in urine of 1240 children ( 635 boys, 605 girls) from Gdańsk, aged 7-14; and (b) to examine whether a correlation exists between age and sex of children, the location of the schools, and the urinary levels of fluoride and cadmium. Fluoride was determined potentiometrically using a fluoride-specific electrode. Cadmium was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean fluoride concentration in urine in children attending two schools located close to a phosphate fertilizer waste disposal site was 2.14 ± 1.16 mg F¯/L, in three others 1.05 ± 0.49 mg F¯/L. The mean cadmium concentration in urine was 0.17 ± 0.19 μg Cd/L. In children aged 7 the cadmium concentration was significantly lower than in older ones.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

environment pollution; fluoride; cadmium; child; Gdansk city; urine

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
• Rocznik: 2003
• Tom: 12
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.357-360,fig.

Twórcy

autor

Czarnowski W

• Medical University of Gdansk, Al.Gen.Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland

autor

Hac E.

autor

Krechniak J.

Bibliografia

• 1. BERNARD A., BUCHET J.P., ROELS H., MASSON P., LAUWERYS R. Renal excretion of proteins and enzymes in workers exposed to cadmium. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 9, 11 1979.
• 2. WHO, Fluorine and fluorides. Environmental Health Criteria 36. WHO Geneva 1984.
• 3. MISLIN H., RAVERA O. Cadmium in the environment. Experientia Supplementum Birkhäuser, Basel 1986.
• 4. CZARNOWSKI W., STOLARSKA K., BRZEZIŃSKA B., KRECHNIAK J. Fluoride in urine, hair and nails of phosphate fertilizer workers. Fluoride 29, 163, 1996.
• 5. ELINDER C.G., FRIBERG I., KJELLSTRÖM T., NORDBERG G., OBERDOERSTER G. Biological monitoring of metals. WHO, Geneva 1994.
• 6. CZARNOWSKI W., WRZEŚNIOWSKA K., KRECHNIAK J. Fluoride in drinking water and human urine in Northern and Central Poland. Sci. Total Environ. 191, 177, 1996.
• 7. JAKUBOWSKI M. Monitoring biologiczny narażenia na czynniki chemiczne w środowisku pracy. Instytut Medycyny Pracy. Łódź 1997,
• 8. CZARNOWSKI W., KRECHNIAK J. Fluoride in the urine, hair and nails of phosphate fertiliser workers. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 47, 349, 1990.
• 9. CZARNOWSKI W., KRECHNIAK J. Fluorides in hair and urine of children in the vicinity of a phosphate industry waste disposal site. Fluoride. 23, 119, 1990.
• 10. CZARNOWSKI W., WRZEŚNIOWSKA K., KRECHNIAK J. Fluoride in water, urine and egg shells as an indicator of environmental contamination. Fluoride 27, 141, 1994.
• 11. PASCHAL D.C., BURT V., CAUDILL S.P., GUNTER E.W., PIRKLE J.I., SAMPSON E.J., MILLER D.I., JACKSON R.J. Exposure of the U.S. population aged 6 years and older to cadmium 1988-1994. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 38, 377, 2000.
• 12. ČERNA M., SPEVAČKOVA V., CEJCHANOVA M., BENEŠ B., ROSSNER P., BAVOROVA H., OČADLIKOVA D., SMID J., KUBINOVA R. Population-based biomonitoring in Czech Republic - the system and selected results. Sci.Total Environ. 204, 263, 1997.
• 13. BROCKHAUS A., COLLET W., DOLGNER R., ENGELKE R., EWERS U., FREIER J., JERMANN E., KRAMER I., MANOILOVIC N.,TURFELD M. Exposure to lead and cadmium of children living in different areas of north-west Germany: results and biological monitoring studies 1982-1986 Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 60, 211, 1988.