Potential impacts from the release of transgenic plants into the environment

• Autorzy: Dale P J
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Transformation techniques are making it possible to produce novel and unusual plant phenotypes. When considering the environmental impact of these, it is important to do so in the context of what is known about conventional plant breeding and the thousands of varieties that have been produced during this century and earlier. There has now been over ten years of experience of environmental impact assessment with transgenic plants, and research has enabled that assessment process to be better informed scientifically. There are, however, important challenges for the future. Fundamental changes in plant biology, including enhanced tolerance to stressful environments, may create a class of plants that are different from those that have been produced so far, and there may be lessons to be learnt from the experience worldwide of the release of exotic species into different countries. Scale-dependent effects of transgenic plants in agriculture can only effectively be measured by large scale production and monitoring. The monitoring process presents a number of challenges to provide oversight that is meaningful and helpful in assessing environmental impact. The international transboundary movement of transgenic plants is already a reality, and it is important that our environmental impact assessments take this possibility into account. This includes both intentional transboundary movement, through trade of commodity crops, but also unintentional transboundary movement, including the possibility of seeds being moved by animals, by transportation and by humans across the world. There are some major challenges in devising agricultural strategies for the transgenic crops that will become available in the future. The responsibility for developing agricultural strategy rests at a number of levels. To achieve this, it will be necessary to have effective dialogue between the regulatory authorities, the plant breeding and agrochemical industries, and the farming industry. There are already encouraging moves in this direction and hopefully this will continue.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

environment impact; Brassica napus; pollen; environment; transformation technique; transgenic plant; genetic modification; plant breeding; plant

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
• Rocznik: 1997
• Tom: 19
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.595-600

Twórcy

autor

Dale P J

Bibliografia

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• Dale P. J. 1994. The impact of transgenes in hybrids between genetically modified crop plants and their related species — general considerations. Mol. Ecol. 3:31–36.
• Dale P. J. 1995. R & D regulation and field trialling of transgenic crops. TIBTECH. 13:398–403.
• Dale P. J. 1997. Unintended movement of live genetically modified organisms across national boundaries. In: Transboundary movement of living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology: issues and opportunities for policy makers. K. J. Mulongoy, editor. The International Academy of the Environment, Geneva, Switzerland. 195–199.
• Dale P. J. and J. A. Irwin 1993. Transformation of oil-seed crops. In: Designer Oilseed Crops. D. J. Murphy, editor. VCH Verlagsgesellshaft mbH, Weinheim.
• Dale P. J. and J. Kinderlerer 1995. Safety in the contained use and the environmental release of transgenic crop plants. In: Genetically Modified Organisms: A Guide to Biosafety. G. T. Tzotzos, editor. United Nations Industrial Development Organisation/CAB International, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK. 36–63.
• Dale P. J. and J. A. Scheffler 1996. Gene dispersal from transgenic crops. In Transgenic Organisms and Biosafety: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Stability of DNA, and Expression of Transgenes. E. R. Schmidt and T. Hankeln, editors. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 85–93.
• Dale P.J. and I. J. Senior 1997. The possible impacts of multiple transgenes. In: Proceedings of Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Brighton 1997. In press.
• Goddijn O. J. and J. Pen. Plants as bioreactors. TIB-TECH. 13: 379–387.
• McPartlan H. C. and P. J. Dale 1994. The transfer of introduced genes from field grown transgenic potatoes to non-transgenic potatoes and related solanaceous species. Trans Res. 3:216–225.
• Scheffler J. A., R. Parkinson and P. J. Dale 1993. Frequency and distance of pollen dispersal from transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Trans Res. 2:356–364.
• Scheffler J. A. and P. J. Dale 1994. Opportunities for gene transfer from transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus) to related species. Trans Res 3:263–278.
• Scheffler J. A., R. Parkinson and P. J. Dale 1995. Evaluating the effectiveness of isolation distances for field plots of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) using a herbicide-resistance transgene as a selectable marker. Pl. Breed. 114:317–321.
• Senior I. J. and P. J. Dale 1996. Plant transgene silencing — gremlin or gift? Chem. Ind. No 17:604–608.
• Tzotzos G. T. 1995. (editor). Genetically Modified Organisms: A Guide to Biosafety. United Nations Industrial Development Organisation / CAB International, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK. 36–63.