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2004 | 53 | Suppl. |

Tytuł artykułu

Apicomplexan parasites: environmental contamination and transmission

Autorzy

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
The Apicomplexa are a diverse group of intracellular parasitic protists. The majority of species from the classes Coccidea, Haemosporea and Piroplasmea are responsible for widespread diseases of humans and domestic animals. Oocysts of these parasites can persist for long periods of time in the environment (i.e. in water, soil, on vegetation and other food resources), maintaining their infectivity even under harsh environmental conditions and therefore are important for dispersal and transmission to hosts. This review will address the biology, transmission patterns and survival in the environment of Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora and Toxoplasma species, the most common causes of human diseases.

Wydawca

-

Rocznik

Tom

53

Numer

Opis fizyczny

p.67-73,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • Warsaw University, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
autor

Bibliografia

  • Abrahamsen M.S., T.J. Templeton, S. Enomoto, J.E. Abrahante, G. Zhu, C.A. Lancto, M. Deng, C. Liu, G. Widmer, S. Tzipori, G.A. Buck, P. Xu, A.T. Bankier, P.H. Dear, B.A. Konfortov, H.F. Spriggs, L. Iyer, V. Anantharaman, L. Aravind and V. Kapur. 2004. Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptopsoridium parvum. Science 304: 441-445.
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  • Blewett D.A. 1989. Disinfection and oocysts, p. 107-115. In: Cryptosporidiosis: Proceedings of the First International Workshop. Agus K., D.A. Blewett (eds). Animal Disease Research Association, Edinburgh.
  • Casemore D.P., D.A. Blewett and S.E. Wright. 1989. Cleaning and disinfection of equipment for gastro-intestinal flexible endoscopy. Gut 30: 1156.
  • Chalmers R.M., K. Elwin, A. Thomas and D.H.M. Joynson. 2002. Unusual types of Cryptosporidia are not restricted to immunocompromised patients. J. Infect. Dis. 185: 270-271.
  • Cole R.A., D.S. Lindsay, D.K. Howe ef al. 2000. Biological and molecular characteristation of Toxoplasma gondii strains obtaned from southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). J. Parasitol. 86: 526-530.
  • Coutinho S.G., R. Lobo and G. Dutra. 1982. Isolation of Toxoplasma from the soil during an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in a rural area of Brazil. J. Parasitol. 68: 866-868.
  • Dubey J.P. 1998. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts survival under defined temperatures. J. Parasitol. 84: 862-865.
  • Dubey J.P. and C.P. Beattie. 1988. Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Man. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
  • Du Pont H., C.L. Chappell, C.R. Sterling, P.C. Okhuysen and W. J akubowski. 1995. The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volanteers. N. Engl. J. Med. 332: 855-859.
  • Fayer R., U. Morgan and S.J. Upton. 2000. Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium: transmission, detection and identification. Int. J. Parasitol. 30: 1305-1322.
  • Frenkel J.K. 1973. Toxoplasmosis: parasite life cycle, pathology and immunology, p. 343-410. In: D. Hammond and P.L. Lond (eds). The coccdian. Eimeria, Isospora, Toxoplasma and related genera, University Park Press, Baltimore.
  • Frenkel J.K., A. Ruiz and M. Chinchilla. 1975. Soil survival of Toxoplasma oocysts in Kansas and Costa Rica. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 24: 439-443.
  • Girdwood R.W. and H.V. Smith. 1999. Cryptosporidium. In: R. Robinson, C. Batt (eds) Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, p 946-954. Academic Press, London and New York.
  • Guerrant R.L., T. Van Gilder, T.S. Steiner, M.L. Thelman, L. Slutsker, T. Hennessy, RM. Griffin, H. Du Pont, R.B. Sack, P. Tarr, M. Neill, I. Nachamkin, I.B. Reller, M.T. Osterholm, M.I. Bennish and I.K. Pickering. 2001. Practice guidelines for the management of infectious diarrhea. Clin. Infect. Dis. 32: 331-350.
  • Harp J.A., R. Fayer, B.A. Pesch et al. 1996. Effect of pasteurization on infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water and milk. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 2866-2868.
  • Jenkins M.B., D.D. Bowman and W.C. Ghiorse. 1998. Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by ammonia. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 784-788.
  • Kuticic V. and T. Wikerhauser. 1996. Studies of the effect of various treatments on the viability of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts and oocysts, p. 261-265. In: Gross U. (ed.). Toxoplasma gondii, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  • Mackenzie W.R., N.J. Hoxie, M.E. Proctor, et al. 1994. Massive waterborne outbreak of Cryptosporidium infecton associated with a filtered public water supply, Milwaukee, March and April, 1993. N. Eng. J. Med. 331: 161-167.
  • Marquardt W.C., R.S. Demaree and R.B. Grieve. 2000. Parasitology and vector biology. Harcourt Academic Press, San Diego, London, Boston, New York, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto.
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  • Renold C., A. Sugar, J.P. Chaveetal. 1992. Toxoplasma encephalities in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Medicine 71: 224-239.
  • Rose J.B. and T.R. Slifco. 1999. Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Cyclospora and their impact on foods: a review. J. Food Protect. 62: 1059-1070.
  • Ruiz A., J.K. Frenkel and L. Cefdas. 1973. Isolation of Toxoplasma from soil. J. Parasitol. 59: 204-206.
  • Shields J. M. and B.H. Olson. 2003. Cyclospora cayetanensis: a review of an emerging parasitic coccidian. Int. J. Parasitol. 33: 371-391.
  • Smith H.V, C.A. Paton, M.M. Mtambo et al. 1997. Sporulation of Cyclospora sp. oocysts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:1631-1632.
  • Smith H.V. and J.B. Rose. 1998. Waterborne cryptosporidiosis, current status. Parasitol. Today 14: 14-22.
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  • Xiao L., R. Fayer, U. Ryan and S.J. Upton. 2004. Cryptosporidium taxonomy: recent advances and implications for public health. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 17: 72-97.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

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