Winter diets of wolf Canis lupus and lynx Lynx lynx in Estonia and Latvia

• Autorzy: Valdmann H. , Andersone-Lilley Z. , Koppa O. , Ozolins J. , Bagrade G.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Winter diets of wolfCanis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 and lynxLynx lynx Linnaeus, 1758 in Latvia and Estonia were investigated in 1997–2000 based on stomach contents of hunted animals and scats. Ungulates appeared to be the staple food for both predators. Lynx diet to a high extent consisted of cervids (Estonia 52% frequency of prey, Latvia 88%), roe deer dominating. Mountain hareLepus timidus made up from 9% (Latvia) to 31% (Estonia) of the lynx diet, and red foxVulpes vulpes 7% in Estonian sample. Wolf diet was more diverse; besides cervids (44% in Latvia, 63% in Estonia) it included wild boar Sus scrofa (32% in Latvia, 17% in Estonia), carrion, small rodents, and other food items. Proportion of empty stomachs was high both in wolves (37%) and lynxes (35%) in Latvia. Range of stomach content weights varied from zero to more than 4 kg in wolves and almost 1.5 kg in lynx. Pianka’s indices of food niche overlapped significantly between species and countries (0.85–0.99).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

animal diet; winter diet; wolf; Canis lupus; lynx; Lynx lynx; stomach content; cervid; wild boar; Estonia; Latvia

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Theriologica
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: 50
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.521-527,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Valdmann H.

• University of Tatru, 46 Vanemuise Street, 51014, Tatru, Estonia

autor

Andersone-Lilley Z.

autor

Koppa O.

autor

Ozolins J.

autor

Bagrade G.

Bibliografia

• Aanes R., Linnell J. D. C., Perzanowski K., Karlsen J. and Odden J. 1998. Roe deer as prey. [In: The European roe deer: The biology of success. R. Andersen, P. Duncan and J. D. C. Linnell, eds]. Scandinavian University Press, Oslo: 139–159.
• Adlerberg G. P. 1935. [The lynx]. [In: Animals of the Arctic. N. A. Smirnov, ed]. Leningrad: 439–450. [In Russian]
• Andersone Z. 1998. Summer nutrition of the wolf (Canis lupus) in the Slîtere Nature Reserve, Latvia. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B, 52(1/2): 79–80.
• Andersone Z. and Ozolins J. 2004. Food habits of wolvesCanis lupus in Latvia. Acta Theriologica 49: 357–367.
• Boitani L. 2000. Action plan for the conservation of wolves (Canis lupus) in Europe. Council of Europe Publishing, Nature and Environment 13: 1–86.
• Breitenmoser U., Breitenmoser-Würsten C., Okarma H., Kaphegyi T., Kaphygyi-Wallman U. and Müller U. M. 2000. Action plan for the conservation of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Europe. Council of Europe Publishing, Nature and Environment 112: 1–69.
• Ciucci P., Boitani L., Pelliccioni E. R., Rocco M. and Guy I. 1996. A comparison of scat-analysis methods to assess the diet of the wolfCanis lupus. Wildlife Biology 2: 37–48.
• Day M. G. 1966. Identification of hair and feather remains in the gut and faeces of stoats and weasels. Journal of Zoology, London 148: 201–217.
• Haglund B. 1966. Winter habits of the lynx (Lynx lynx L.) and wolverine (Gulo gulo L.) as revealed by tracking in the snow. Viltrevy 4: 81–299. [In Swedish with English summary]
• Jędrzejewska B. and Jędrzejewski W. 1998. Predation in vertebrate communities. The Białowieża Primeval Forest as a case study. Springer Verlag, Berlin: 1–450.
• Jędrzejewski W., Schmidt K., Miłkowski L., Jędrzejewska B. and Okarma H. 1993. Foraging by lynx and its role in ungulate mortality: the local (Białowież Forest) and the Palaeartic viewpoints. Acta Theriologica 38: 385–403.
• Jobin A., Molinari P. and Breitenmoser U. 2000. Prey spectrum, prey preference and consumption rates of Eurasian lynx in the Swiss Jura Mountains. Acta Theriologica 45: 243–252.
• Kazlauskas J. and Matuzevicius A. 1981. On the helminth fauna and ecology of lynxes in Lithuania. Acta Parasitologica Lituanica 19: 8–11.
• Kochetkov V. V. 1988. [Biology of the wolf in Verkhnevolzhe, a case of the Central-Forest State Reserve]. Unpublished PhD thesis, Gosudarstvennyi Agropromyslennyi Komitet SSSR, Moskva: 1–20. [In Russian]
• Korytin S. A. 1986. [Habits of wild animals]. Agropromizdat, Moskva: 1–318. [In Russian]
• Koubek P., Cerveny J. and Bufka L. 2001. How is the lynx (Lynx lynx) hunting strategy of ungulates in the Sumava Mountains (Czech Republic). Abstracts of the 25th International Congress of IUGB, Lemesos, Cyprus: 32.
• Krebs C. J. 1999. Ecological methodology. 2nd ed. Benjamin — Cummings, CA: 468–471.
• Kübarsepp M. and Valdmann H. 2003. Winter diet of wolvesCanis lupus in Alam-Pedja nature reserve, Estonia. Acta Zoologica Lituanica 13(1): 21–26.
• Levins R. 1968. Evolution in changing environment. Princeton University Press, Princeton: 1–120.
• Linnell J. D. C., Odden J., Pedersen V. and Andersen R. 1998. Records of intra-guild predation by Eurasian lynxLynx lynx. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 112: 707–708.
• Mattioli L., Apollonio M., Mazzarone V. and Centofanti E. 1995. Wolf food habits and wild ungulate availability in the Foreste Casentinesi National Park, Italy. Acta Theriologica 40: 387–402.
• Novikov G.A. (ed.) 1970. [The lynx.] [In: Animals of Leningrad oblast]. Leningrad: 258–265. [In Russian]
• Okarma H. 2000. [The lynx]. Oficyna Edytorska “Wydawnictwo OEwiat”: 1–80. [In Polish]
• Okarma H., Jędrzejewska B., Jędrzejewski W., Krasiński Z. A. and Miłkowski L. 1995. The roles of predation, snow cover, acorn crop, and man-related factors on ungulate mortality in Białowież Primeval Forest, Poland. Acta Theriologica 40: 197–217.
• Okarma H., Jędrzejewski W., Schmidt K., Kowalczyk R. and Jędrzejewska B. 1997. Predation of Eurasian lynx on roe deer and red deer in Białowież Primeval Forest, Poland. Acta Theriologica 42: 203–224.
• Ozolins J., Andersone Z. and Pupila A. 2001. Status and management prospects of the wolfCanis lupus L. in Latvia. Baltic Forestry 7(2): 63–69.
• Pedersen V. A., Linnell J. D. C., Andersen R., Andren H., Linden M. and Segerstrom P. 1999. Winter lynxLynx lynx predation on semi-domestic reindeerRangifer tarandus in northern Sweden. Wildlife Biology 5: 203–250.
• Peterson R. O. 1996. Wolves as interspecific competitors in canid ecology. [In: Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. L. N. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts and D. R. Seip, eds]. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, Occasional Publication 35: 315–324.
• Pulliainen E. 1981. Winter diet ofFelis lynx in SE Finland as compared with the nutrition of other northern lynxes. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 46: 249–259.
• Pulliainen E. and Hyypia V. 1975. Winter food and feeding habits of lynxes (Lynx lynx) in southeastern Finland. Suomen Riista 26: 60–66. [In Finnish with English summary]
• Pulliainen E., Lindgren E. and Tunkkari P. S. 1995. Influence of food availability and reproductive status on the body condition of the European lynx in Finland. Acta Theriologica 40: 181–196.
• Schmidt K., Jędrzejewski W. and Okarma H. 1997. Spatial organization and social relations in the Eurasian lynx population in Białowież Primeval Forest, Poland. Acta Theriologica 42: 289–312.
• Sokal R. R. and Rohlf F. J. 1981. Biometry. W. H.Freeman and Co., New York: 1–859.
• Sunde P. and Kvam T. 1997. Diet patterns of Eurasian lynxLynx lynx: what causes sexually determined prey size segregation? Acta Theriologica 42: 189–201.
• Sunde P., Overskaug K. and Kvam T. 1999. Intraguild predation of lynxes on foxes: evidence of interference competition? Ecography 22: 521–523.
• Sunde P., Kvam T., Bolstad J. P. and Bronndal M. 2000. Foraging of lynxes in a managed borealalpine environment. Ecography 23: 291–298.
• Taurins E. 1975. [Game fauna in the Latvian SSR and its rational use in future]. Okhrana i vosproizvodstvo prirodnykh resursov (Trudy LSHA) 83: 18–28. [In Russian with English summary]
• Teerink B. J. 1991. Hair of West-European mammals. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1–224.
• Valdmann H. 1993. Body measures of wild boar in Estonia. Proceedings of the First Baltic Theriological Conference, Tartu University: 218–228.
• Valdmann H., Koppa O. and Looga A. 1998. Diet and prey selectivity of wolfCanis lupus in middleand south-eastern Estonia. Baltic Forestry 4(1): 42–46.
• Valdmann H., Laanetu N. and Korsten M. 2004. Group size changes and age/sex composition of harvested wolves (Canis lupus) in Estonia. Baltic Forestry 10(2): 83–86.
• Viltrop A., Lőhmus K., Must K., Jauram A., Viigipuu M. and Rander L. 2000. [Results of study on infectious diseases of mammals]. Eesti Loomaarstlik Ringvaade 3: 100–114. [In Estonian]
• Weber J.-M. and Weissbrodt M. 1999. Feeding habits of the Eurasian lynx in the Swiss Jura Mountains determined by faecal analysis. Acta Theriologica 44: 333–336.