The size of selected human skull foramina in relation to skull capacity

• Autorzy: Wysocki J , Reymond J. , Skarzynski H. , Wrobel B.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

An anatomical study was undertaken in order to investigate whether the sizes of selected human skull foramina with significant venous compartments correlated significantly with skull capacity. A total of 100 macerated human skulls were examined to determine the diameter of the foramina and the skull capacity. Measurements of the surface area of the foramina were made using a computerised digital analysis system. Only the size of the hypoglossal canal and jugular foramen were found to correlate significantly with the capacity of the skull. This correlation, together with the considerable size of the hypoglossal canal, indicated its important role in the venous drainage of the brain. There was considerable centralisation of venous outflow from the brain, with 60% of the area of all venous foramina of the skull occupied by jugular foramina. Asymmetry between the right and left jugular foramina was identified, with an average ratio of 1.6 (ranging between 1 and 3.47). In the case of right-sided domination the correlation between the skull capacity and the size of both jugular foramina was negative (the larger the skull cavity, the less the asymmetry), while in the case of left-sided domination the correlation was positive. Perhaps the left-sided domination is less advantageous for the haemodynamics of blood outflow, as the left brachiocephalic vein is longer and is often compressed by the sternum and aortic arch.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

size; human skull; foramen; skull capacity; emissary vein; surface area; anatomy

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Folia Morphologica
• Rocznik: 2006
• Tom: 65
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.301-308,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Wysocki J

• Academy of Podlasie, B.Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland

autor

Reymond J.

autor

Skarzynski H.

autor

Wrobel B.

Bibliografia

• 1. Adams WM, Jones RL, Chavda SV, Pahor AL (1997) CT assessment of jugular foramen dominance and its association with hand preference. J Laryngol Otol, 111: 290–292.
• 2. Bauer U (1971) Anatomische Varianten des Sinus sigmoideus, des Foramen jugulare und der Vena jugularis. Z Anat Entwickl Gesch, 135: 35–42.
• 3. Bekov DB (1965) Atlas venoznoi sistemy golovnogo mozga tscheloveka. Medicina, Moskwa.
• 4. Berlis A, Putz R, Schumacher M (1992) Direct CT measurements of canals and foramina of the skull base. Br J Radiol, 65: 653–66.
• 5. Boyd GI (1930) The emissary foramina in the cranium of man and anthropoids. J Anat 65: 108–121.
• 6. Braun JP, Tournade A (1977) Venous drainage in the craniocervical region. Neuroradiology, 13: 155–158.
• 7. Calcaterra TC, Cherney EF, Hanafee WF (1973) Normal variations in size and neoplastic changes of skull foramina. Laryngoscope, 83: 1385–1397.
• 8. Di Chiro G, Fisher RL, Nelson KB (1964) The jugular foramen. J Neurosurg, 21: 447–460.
• 9. Durgun B, Illgit ET, Atasever A (1993) Evaluation by angiography of the lateral dominance of the drainage of the dural venous sinuses. Surg Radiol Anat, 15: 125–130.
• 10. Falk D (1986) Evolution of cranial blood drainage in Hominids: enlarged occipital\marginal sinuses and emissary foramina. Am J Phys Anthropol, 70: 311–324.
• 11. Forte V, Turner A, Liu P (1989) Objective tinnitus associated with abnormal mastoid emissary vein. J Otol, 18: 232–235.
• 12. Golueke PJ, Panetta T, Sclafani S, Varughese G (1987) Tinnitus originating from abnormal jugular bulb: treatment by jugular vein ligation. J Vasc Surg, 6: 248–251.
• 13. Gugliantini P, De Sanctis R, Di Capua M (1993) Fisiologica variabilita delle dimensioni dei foramini giugulari. Radiol Med, 86: 904–907.
• 14. Hatiboglu MT, Antil A (1992) Structural variations in the jugular foramen of the human skull. J Anat, 180: 191–196.
• 15. Idowu OE (2004) The jugular foramen — a morphometric study. Folia Morphol, 63: 419–422.
• 16. Lang J, Hornung G (1993) The hypoglossal channel and its contents in the posterolateral access to the petroclival area. Neurochorurgia, 36: 75–80.
• 17. Rhoton AL, Buza R (1975) Microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen. J Neurosurg, 42: 541–550.
• 18. Schelling F (1978) Die Emissarien des menschlischen Schädels. Anat Anz, 143: 340–382.
• 19. Sturrock RR (1988) Variations in the structure of the jugular foramen of the human skull. J Anat, 160: 227–230.
• 20. Tanaka T, Uemura K, Takahashi M, Takehara S, Fukaya T, Tokuyama T, Satoh A, Ryu H (1993) Compression of the left brachiocephalic vein: cause of high signal intensity of the left sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein on MR images. Radiology, 188: 355–361.
• 21. Woodhall B (1936) Variations of the cranial venous sinuses in the region of the torcular Herophili. Arch. Surg, 33: 297–310.
• 22. Wierciński A (1967) Analiza porównawcza struktury rasowej wczesnośredniowiecznej ludności z cmentarzyska w Złotej Pińczowskiej. Rozprawa zespołu badań nad polskim średniowieczem Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego i Politechniki Warszawskiej. Vol. 5. PWN, Warszawa 1967: pp. 141–145.
• 23. Wysocki J, Kobryń H, Kobryńczuk F (1998) Proportion analysis of hypoglossal canal elements in human, macacus and dog. Med Sci Monit, 4 (Suppl 2): 52–54.
• 24. Wysocki J, Chmielik LP, Gacek W (1999) Variability of diameter of the human jugular foramen in relation to conditions of venous outflow after ligation of the internal jugular vein. Otolaryngol Pol, 53: 173–177.
• 25. Wysocki J, Kobryń H, Bubrowski M, Kwiatkowski J, Reymond J, Skarżyńska B (2004) The morphology of the hyplossal canal and its size in relation to skull capacity in man and other mammal species. Folia Morphol, 63: 11–17.
• 26. Wysocki J, Sharifi M (2005) Occurrence, variations and diameter of the human condylar canal in relation to the jugular foramen. Folia Morphol, 65: 11–14.
• 27. Reymond J, Charuta A, Wysocki J (2005) The morphology and morphometry of the foramina of the greater wing of the human sphenoid bone. Folia Morphol, 64: 188–193.
• 28. Zoll-Adamikowa M (1966) Wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzyska szkieletowe Małopolski. Część I. Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków, Ossolineum, PAN, Warszawa 1966: 61–62.