Metody roznicowania gatunkow nicieni z rodzaju Trichinella

• Autorzy: Pastusiak K

Warianty tytułu

EN

Methods and tools for parasite differentiation within the genus Trichinella

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

This review summarizes the major biological, biochemical and molecular methods which have been developed during last 20 years to distinguish parasites of the genus Trichinella. From the time of the discovery of Trichinella in 1835 until the 1970, it was assumed that trichinellosis was caused by a single species of parasite, Trichinella spiralis. Many biological parameters have been compared to differentiate the parasite, such as host specificity, geographical distribution, reproductive abilities, nurse cell development and resistance to freezing. Now, investigators realize that the genus Trichinella is a much more complex group of parasites and simple biological methods are unsufficient. In order to identify and better characterize the species and genotypes of Trichinella it was necessary to develop more sensitive techniques. First, for detecting Trichinella infection immunological methods have been used, such as detection of antibodies in host blood and antigens of parasites using monoclonal antibodies against immunodominant proteins. Later, biochemical techniques have been used such as isoenzyme analysis. The main goal of these methods is to provide a simple, rapid and reproducible techniques to differentiate Trichinella parasites. For this purpose DNA-based methods appeared the best ones. Beginning with the use restriction enzymes, repetitive DNA probes for detection of parasite DNA, and later techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), give results at the high level of sensitivity. All of this information has been used to construct a new taxonomy of the genus Thrichinella. To date, 11 taxa have been recognized in the genus: 8 species (Trichinella spiralis T1, Trichinella nativa T2, Trichinella britovi T3, Trichinella pseudospiralis T4, Trichinella murrelli T5, Trichinella nelsoni T7, Trichinella papuae T10, Trichinella zimbabwensis T11) and additionally three genotypes whose taxonomic status is yet uncertain (T6, T8, T9). Based upon morphology, epidemiology of trichinellosis, geographical distribution and host range of the parasite, two main groups are recognized in the genus Trichinella. The first group comprises species that encapsulate in host muscle tissue, while the species of the second group do not encapsulate. The species and genotypes of the first group infect only mammals (T. spiralis, T. nativa, T. britovi, T. murrelli, T. nelsoni, T6, T8 and T9), whereas of the three species from the second group, one parasitises mammals and birds (T. pseudospiralis) and the other two infect mammals and reptiles (T. papuae and T. zimbabwensis). Due to the big genetic differences between Trichinella isolates, investigators predict that the number of species and genotypes found within Trichinella will be increased.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

izoenzymy; hybrydyzacja kwasow nukleinowych; roznicowanie gatunkow; pasozyty; nicienie; sekwencje DNA; Warszawa konferencja; DNA mitochondrialny; parazytologia; konferencje; Trichinella; zroznicowanie gatunkowe; lancuchowa reakcja polimerazy; biologia molekularna; znakowanie DNA

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
• Rocznik: 2006
• Tom: 52
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: s.165-173,fot.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Pastusiak K

• Instytut Parazytologii PAN, ul.Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa

Bibliografia

• [1] Mehlhorn H. 2001. Encyclopedic Reference of Parasitology, Wydanie 2, Springer, Berlin.
• [2] Pozio E. 2005. The broad spectrum of Trichinella host: from cold- to warm-blooded animals. Veterinary Parasitology 132: 3-11.
• [3] Kapel C.M. 2000. Host diversity and biological characteristics of the Trichinella genotypes and their effect on transmission. Veterinary Parasitology 93: 263-278.
• [4] Owen R. 1835. Description of a microscopic entozoon infesting the muscles of a human body. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 1: 315-323.
• [5] Britov V.A., Boev S.N. 1972. Taxonomic rank of various strains of Trichinella and their circulation in nature. Vestnik Akademii Nauk Kazachskoj SSR 28: 27-32 [in Russian].
• [6] Garkavi B.L. 1972. The species of Trichinella isolated from wild carnivores. Veterinariia 10: 90-91 [in Russian].
• [7] Pozio E., La Rosa G., Murrell K.D., Lichtenfels J.R. 1992. Taxonomic revision of the genus Trichinella. Journal of Parasitology 78: 654-659.
• [8] Pozio E., Zarlenga D.S. 2005. Recent advances on the taxonomy, systematics and epidemiology of Trichinella. International Journal for Parasitology 35: 1191-1204.
• [9] Pozio E. 2001. New patterns of Trichinella infections. Veterinary Parasitology 98: 133-148.
• [10] Hurnikova Z., Snabel V., Pozio E., Reiterova K., Hrckova G., Halasova D., Dubinsky P. 2005. First record of Trichinella pseudospiralis in the Slovak Republic found in domestic focus. Veterinary Parasitology 128: 91-98.
• [11] Nowosad P., Pozio E. 1998. First report of Trichinella britovi in wildlife from Poland. Acta Parasitologica 43: 236-237.
• [12] Cabaj W., Pozio E., Moskwa B., Malczewski A. 2000. Trichinella britovi and T. spiralis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Poland. Acta Parasitologica 45: 340-344.
• [13] Flockhart H.A., Harrison S.E., Dobinson A.R., James E.R. 1982. Enzyme polymorphism in Trichinella. Transactions of the Royal Society of the Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76: 541-545.
• [14] La Rosa G., Pozio E., Rossi P., Murrell K.D. 1992. Allozyme analysis of Trichinella isolates from various host species and geographical regions. Journal of Parasitology 78:641-646.
• [15] Zarlenga D.S., La Rosa G. 2000. Molecular and biochemical methods for parasite differentiation within the genus Trichinella. Veterinary Parasitology 93: 279-292.
• [16] La Rosa G., Marucci G., Pozio E. 2003. Biochemical analysis of encapsulated and non-encapsulated species of Trichinella (Nematoda, Trichinellidae) from cold- and warm-blooded animals reveals a high genetic divergence in the genus. Parasitology Research 91: 462-466.
• [17] Minchella D.J., Branstetter B.A., Kazacos K.R. 1989. Molecular characterisation of sylvatic isolates of Trichinella spiralis. Journal of Parasitology 75: 388-392.
• [18] Zarlenga D.S., Chute M.B., Martin A., Kapel C.M.O. 1999. A multiplex PCR for unequivocal differentiation of all encapsulated and non-encapsulated genotypes of Trichinella. International Journal for Parasitology 29: 1859-1867.
• [19] Bandi C., La Rosa G., Bardin M.G., Damiani G., Comincini S., Tasciotti L., Pozio E. 1995. Random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprints of the eight taxa of Trichinella and their comparison with allozyme analysis. Parasitology 110: 401-407.
• [20] Bandi C., La Rosa G., Comincini S., Damiani G., Pozio E. 1993. Technique for the identification of Trichinella species. Parasitology 107: 419-424.
• [21] Gasser R.B., Zhu X.Q., Monti J.R., Dou L., Cai X., Pozio E. 1998. PCR-SSCP of rDNA for the identification of Trichinella isolates from mainland China. Molecular Cell Probes 12: 27-34.
• [22] Gasser R.B., Hu M., EL-Osta Y.A., Zarlenga D.S., Pozio E. 2005. Genetic analysis of Trichinella population by "cold" single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Veterinary Parasitology 132: 23-26.
• [23] Nagano I., Wu Z., Matsuo I., Pozio E., Takahashi Y. 1999. Identification of Trichinella genotypes by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. International Journal for Parasitology 29: 1113-1120.
• [24] Borsuk P., Moskwa B., Pastusiak K., Cabaj W. 2003. Molecular identification of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella britovi by diagnostic multiprimer large mitochondrial rRNA amplification. Parasitology Research 91: 374-377.
• [25] Zarlenga D.S., Chute M.B., Martin A., Kapel C.M. 2001. A single, multiplex PCR for differentiating all species of Trichinella. Parasite 8: S24-26.