The ligamental scar in the costovertebral articulation of the tyrannosaurid dinosaurs

• Autorzy: Hirasawa T
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The costovertebral articulation is integral to constrain the thoracic kinematics and to infer the breathing mechanism in the respect with costal aspiration. However, the structure of the costovertebral articulation in non−avian theropods has not been studied in great detail before. This study highlights the Tyrannosauridae, which is represented by numerous complete specimens. Costovertebral articulations of ten tyrannosaurid specimens, including two nearly in−situ articulated fossils, were investigated and compared with those in extant Archosauria. For extant archosaurs, dissections were conducted to rationalize the soft tissue anatomy in tyrannosaurids. This study shows that the rib articulates ventrally or posteroventrally with the distal end of the corresponding vertebral transverse process in the tyrannosaurid ribcage. A ligament (ligamentum costotransversarium) can be reconstructed to connect the rib tuberculum to the transverse process in each articulation. The scar for lig. costotransversarium is recognizable in many theropod skeletons, and this rugosity can be used to identify the rotational axis for the rib. This result provides a cornerstone for exploring the evolution of the ribcage and breathing mechanisms across the theropod lineage leading to birds.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

thoracic rib; skeletal element; Theropoda; dinosaur; Tyrannosauridae; Dinosauria; paleontology; rib; articulated skeleton; tyrannosaurid dinosaur; soft tissue anatomy; ribcage

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: 54
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.49-59,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Hirasawa T

• Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

Bibliografia

• Bakker, R.T., Kralis, D., Siegwarth, J., and Filla, J. 1992. Edmarka rex, a new gigantic theropod dinosaur from the middle Morrison Formation, Late Jurassic of the Como Bluff outcrop region. Hunteria 2: 1–24.
• Baumel, J.J. and Raikow, R.J. 1993. Arthrologia. In: J.J. Baumel (ed.), Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina Anatomica Avium, 2nd edn., 45–132. Nuttall Ornithological Club, Cambridge.
• Brainerd, E.L. 1999. New perspectives on the evolution of lung ventilation mechanisms in vertebrates. Experimental Biology Online 4: 11–28.
• Brochu, C.A. 2003. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: Insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high−resolution computed tomographic analysis of the skull. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 7: 1–138.
• Bryant, H.N. and Russell, A.P. 1992. The role of phylogenetic analysis in the inference of unpreserved attributes of extinct taxa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B−Biological Sciences 337: 405–418.
• Claessens, L.P.A.M., Perry, S.F., and Currie, P.J. 1998. Using comparative anatomy to reconstruct theropod respiration. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18 (Supplement to No 3): 34A.
• Cong, L., Hou, L., Wu, X., and Hou, J. 1998. The gross anatomy of Alligator sinensis Fauvel [in Chinese]. 388 pp. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing.
• Currie, P.J. 2003. Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48: 191–226.
• Frey, E. 1988. Anatomie des körperstammes von Alligator mississippiensis Daudin. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie) 424: 1–106.
• Gilmore, C.W. 1920. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 110: 1–154.
• Holtz, T.R.J. 2004. Tyrannosauroidea. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria, 2nd edition., 111–136. University of California Press, Barkeley.
• Lambe, L.M. 1917. The Cretaceous theropodus dinosaur Gorgosaurus. Memoir of the Geological Survey of Canada 100: 1–84.
• Maleev, E.A. 1974. Giant carnosaurs of the family Tyrannosauridae [in Russian]. Transactions of the Joint Soviet−Mongolian Paleontological Expedition 1: 132–191.
• Mivart, S.G. 1877. On the axial skeleton of the Struthionidae. Transactions of the Zoological Society, London 10: 1–52.
• Norman, D.B. 1986. On the anatomy of Iguanodon atherfieldensis (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 56: 281–372.
• O'connor, P.M. and Claessens, L.P.A.M. 2005. Basic avian pulmonary design and flow−through ventilation in non−avian theropod dinosaurs. Nature 436: 253–256.
• Organ, C.L. 2006. Thoracic epaxial muscles in living archosaurs and ornithopod dinosaurs. Anatomical Record Part a−Discoveries in Molecular Cellular and Evolutionary Biology 288A: 782–793.
• Osborn, H.F. 1906. Tyrannosaurus, Upper Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaur (second communication). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 22: 281–296.
• Osborn, H.F. 1916. Skeletal adaptations of Ornitholestes, Struthiomimus, Tyrannosaurus. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35: 733–771.
• Ostrom, J.H. 1969. Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an unusual theropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Montana. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University 30: 1–165.
• Patterson, C. 1982. Morphological characters and homology. In: K.A. Joysey and A.E. Friday (eds.), Systematics Association Special Volume 21: Problems of Phylogenetic Reconstruction, 21–74. Academic Press, London.
• Vanden Berge, J.C. and Zweers, G.A. 1993. Myologia.In: J.J. Baumel (ed.), Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina Anatomica Avium, 2nd edn., 189–247. Nuttall Ornithological Club, Cambridge.
• Wilson, J.A. 1999. A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 639–653.
• Witmer, L.M. 1995. The Extant Phylogenetic Bracket and the importance of reconstructing soft tissue in fossils. In: J.J. Thomason (ed.), Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology, 19–33. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Yasuda, M. 2002. The Anatomical Atlas of Gallus. 445 pp. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.