Breeding tactics, social structure and genetic variation in mammals: problems and prospects

• Autorzy: Van Staaden M.J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Breeding tactics and social structure are among the primary determinants of the level and distribution of genetic variation in a population, giving rise to genetic structure. However the effects of such behaviors are neither intuitively obvious nor predictive. Interpretations of genetic interactions are hampered by a lack of suitable underlying models and the resulting weak empirical data base means that we are presently unable to answer fundamental questions such as whether the social structure exhibited by a species has any necessary or consistent relationship with the extent of genetic population structure in the species. In this review I present a brief overview of recent theoretical models, and summarise results of the two most common empirical approaches; namely, genetic comparison of identified social groups, and studies of arbitrarily selected samples. Some recommendations are made with respect to future empirical investigations. Increased sophistication in classifying social complexity will be necessary to elucidate the effects of social structure and breeding tactics on partitioning of genetic variation, and to determine the true correlation between social level and genetic structure.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

behaviour; social organization; mammal; social structure; breeding tactics; genetic structure; genetic variation

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Theriologica. Supplement
• Rocznik: 1995
• Numer: 03
• Opis fizyczny: p.165-182,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Van Staaden M.J.

• Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitatsplatz, A-8010 Graz, Austria

Bibliografia

• Amos B., Schöltterer C. and Tautz D. 1993. Social structuring of pilot whales revealed by analytical DNA profiling. Science 260: 670-672.
• Apollonio M. and Hartl G. B. 1993. Are biochemical-genetic variation and mating systems related in large mammals? [In: Ecological genetics in mammals. G. B. Hartl and J. Markowski, eds]. Acta Theriologica 38, Suppl. 2: 175-186.
• Baker M. C. and Marler P. 1980. Behavioral adaptations that constrain the gene pool in vertebrates. [In: Evolution of social behavior: hypotheses and empirical tests. H. Markl, ed]. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim: 59-80.
• Bowen B. S. 1982. Temporal dynamics of microgeographic structure of genetic variation in Microtus californicus. Journal of Mammalogy 63: 625-638.
• Chapman C. A., White F. J. and Wrangham R. W. 1993. Defining subgroup size in fission-fusion societies. Folia Primatologica 61: 31-34.
• Chepko-Sade B. D. and Shields W. M. 1987. The effects of dispersal and social structure on effective population size. [In: Mammalian dispersal patterns: the effects of social structure on population genetics. B. D. Chepko-Sade and Z. T. Halpin, eds]. University of Chicago Press, Chicago: 287-321.
• Chesser R. K. 1983. Genetic variability within and among populations of the black-tailed prairie dog. Evolution 37: 320-331.
• Chesser R. K. 1991a. Gene diversity and female philopatry. Genetics 127: 437-447.
• Chesser R. K. 1991b. Influence of gene flow and breeding tactics on gene diversity within populations. Genetics 129: 573-583.
• Chesser R. K., Sugg D. W., Rhodes O. E., Jr, Novak J. N. and Smith M. H. 1993. Evolution of mammalian social structure. [In: Ecological genetics in mammals. G. B. Hartl and J. Markowski, eds]. Acta Theriologica 38, Suppl. 2: 163-174.
• Chesser R. K. and Van Den Bussche R. A. 1988. Contiguous clustering: a method for the identification of clusters within populations. Occasional Papers of the Museum, Texas Tech University 122: 1-13.
• Daly J. C. 1981. Effects of social organization and environmental diversity on determining the genetic structure of a population of the wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus. Evolution 35: 689-706.
• De Fries J. C. and McClearn G. E. 1972. Behavioral genetics and the fine structure of mouse populations: a study in microevolution. [In: Evolutionary biology Vol. 5. T. Dobzhansky, M. K. Hecht and W. C. Steere, eds]. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York: 279-291.
• Douglas M. E. and Endler J. A. 1982. Quantitative matrix comparisons in ecological and evolutionary investigations. Journal of Theoretical Biology 99: 777-795.
• Dracopoli N. C., Brett F. L., Turner T. R. and Jolly C. J. 1983. Patterns of genetic variability in the serum proteins of the Kenyan vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 61: 39-49.
• Dunbar R. I. M. 1988. The evolutionary implications of social behavior. [In: The role of behavior in evolution. H. C. Plotkin, ed]. MIT Press, Cambridge MA: 165-188.
• Ellsworth D. L., Rittenhouse K. D. and Honeycutt R. L. 1993. Artifactual variation in randomly amplified polymorphic DNA banding patterns. Biofeedback 14: 214-216.
• Epperson B. K. 1990. Spatial autocorrelation of genotypes under directional selection. Genetics 124: 757-771.
• Epperson B. K. 1993. Recent advances in correlation studies of spatial patterns of genetic variation. [In: Evolutionary biology Vol. 27. M. K. Hecht, B. Wallace and R. J. Maclntyre, eds]. Plenum Press, New York: 95-151.
• Epperson B. K. and Clegg M. T. 1986. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of flower color polymorphisms within substructured populations of morning glory ([Ipomoea purpurea). American Naturalist 128: 840-858.
• Foltz D. W. and Hoogland J. L. 1983. Genetic avoidance of outbreeding in the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus). Evolution 37: 273-281.
• Gaines M. S. and Krebs C. J. 1971. Genetic changes in fluctuating vole populations. Evolution 25: 702-723.
• Jong G., de, de Ruiter J. R. and Haring R. 1994. Genetic structure of a population with social structure and migration. [In: Conservation genetics. V. Loeschcke, J. Tomiuk and S. K. Jain, eds]. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel: 147-164.
• Lidicker W. Z. and Patton J. L. 1987. Patterns of dispersal and genetic structure in populations of small rodents. [In: Mammalian dispersal patterns: the effects of social structure on population genetics. B. D. Chepko-Sade and Z. T. Halpin, eds]. University of Chicago Press, Chicago: 144-161.
• Long J. C. 1986. The allelic correlation structure of Gainj- and Kalam-speaking people. I. The estimation and interpretations of Wright's F-statistics. Genetics 112: 629-647.
• Lynch M. 1991. Analysis of population genetic structure by DNA fingerprinting. Experientia 58: 113-126.
• Lynch M. and Crease T. J. 1990. The analysis of population survey data on DNA sequence variation. Molecular Biology and Evolution 7: 377-394.
• Lynch M. and Milligan B. G. 1994. Analysis of population genetic structure with RAPD markers. Molecular Ecology 3: 91-99.
• Mantel N. 1967. The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Research 27: 209-220.
• Mayr E. 1965. Animal species and evolution. Harvard University Press, Cambridge: 1-797.
• McCracken G. F. 1987. Genetic structure of bat social groups. [In: Recent advances in the study of bats. M. Brock Fenton, P. Racey and J. M. V. Rayner, eds]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 281-298.
• McCracken G. F. and Bradbury J. W. 1977. Paternity and genetic heterogeneity in the polygynous bat Phyllostomus hastatus. Science 198: 303-306.
• McCracken G. F. and Bradbury J. W. 1981. Social organization and kinship in the polygynous bat, Phyllostomus hastatus. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 8: 11-34.
• Melnick D. J. 1982. Are social mammals really inbred? Genetics 100: 146.
• Melnick D. J., Jolly C. J. and Kidd K. K. 1984. The genetics of a wild population of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatto). I. Genetic variability within and between social groups. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 63: 341-360.
• Michod R. E. and Sanderson M. J. 1985. Behavioural structure and the evolution of cooperation. [In: Evolution: Essays in honour of John Maynard Smith. J. J. Greenwood and M. Slatkin, eds]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 95-104.
• Myers J. H. 1974. Genetic and social structure of feral house mouse populations on Grizzly Island, California. Ecology 55: 747-759.
• Neel J. V. and Ward R. H. 1972. The genetic structure of a tribal population, the Yonomama Indians. VI. Analysis by F-statistics (including a comparison with the Makiritare and Xavante). Genetics 72: 639-666.
• Nunney L. 1993. The influence of mating system and overlapping generations on effective population size. Evolution 47: 1329-1341.
• O'Brien E. 1987. The correlation between population structure and genetic structure in the Hutterite population. [In: Mammalian dispersal patterns: the effects of social structure on population genetics. B. D. Chepko-Sade and Z. T. Halpin, eds]. University of Chicago Press, Chicago: 193-210.
• Patton J. L. and Feder J. H. 1981. Microspatial genetic heterogeneity in pocket gophers: non-random breeding and drift. Evolution 35: 912-920.
• Petras M. L. 1967. Studies of natural populations of Mus I. Biochemical polymorphisms and their bearing on breeding structure. Evolution 21: 259-274.
• Plomin R. 1990. The role of inheritance in behavior. Science 238: 183-188.
• Poirer F. E. 1969. Behavioral flexibility and intergroup variation among Nilgiri langurs (Presbytis johnii) of South India. Folia Primatologica 11: 119-133.
• Pope T. J. 1992. The influence of dispersal patterns and mating system on genetic differentiation within and between populations of the red howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus). Evolution 46: 1112-1120.
• Scheffrahn W. and de Ruiter J. R. 1994. Genetic relatedness between populations of Macaca fasci- cularis on Sumatra. [In: Evolution and ecology of macaque societies. J. E. Fa and D. G. Lindburg, eds]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (in press)
• Schwartz O. A. and Armitage K. B. 1980. Genetic variation in social mammals: the marmot model. Science 207: 665-667.
• Selander R. K. 1970. Behavior and genetic variation in natural populations. American Zoologist 10: 53-66.
• Singleton G. R. 1983. The social and genetic structure of a natural colony of house mice Mus musculus at Healesville Wildlife Sanctuary, Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 31: 155-166.
• Slatkin M. and Arter H. E. 1991. Spatial autocorrelation methods in population genetics. American Naturalist 138: 499-517.
• Sokal R. R. and Oden N. L. 1991. Spatial autocorrelation analysis as an inferential tool in population genetics. American Naturalist 138: 518-521.
• Sokal R. R. and Wartenburg D. E. 1983. A test of spatial autocorrelation analysis using an isolation- -by-distance model. Genetics 105: 219-237.
• Spielman R. S., Neel J. V. and Li F. H. F. 1977. Inbreeding estimation from population data: models, procedures and implications. Genetics 85: 355-371.
• Templeton A. R. 1987. Inferences on natural population structure from genetic studies on captive mammalian populations. [In: Mammalian dispersal patterns: the effects of social structure on population genetics. B. D. Chepko-Sade and Z. T. Halpin, eds]. University of Chicago Press, Chicago: 257-272.
• Turner T. R. 1981. Blood protein variation in a population of Ethiopian vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 55: 225-232.
• van Staaden M. J., Chesser R. K. and Michener G. R. 1994. Genetic correlations and matrilineal structure in a population of Spermophilus richardsonii. Journal of Mammalogy 75: 573-582.
• van Staaden M. J., Michener G. R. and Chesser R. K. Spatial analysis of microgeographic genetic structure in Richardson's ground squirrels, (submitted)
• Waser P. M. and Elliott L. F. 1991. Dispersal and genetic structure in kangaroo rats. Evolution 45: 935-943.
• White M. M. and Svendsen G. E. 1992. Spatial-genetic structure in the eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus. Journal of Mammalogy 73: 619-624.
• Wilkinson G. S. 1985. The social organization of the common vampire bat. II. Mating system, genetic structure and relatedness. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 17: 123-134.
• Wilkinson G. S. and McCracken G. F. 1985. On estimating relatedness using genetic markers. Evolution 39: 1169-1174.
• Wilson A. C., Bush G. L., Case S. M. and King M.-C. 1975. Social structuring of mammalian populations and rate of chromosomal evolution. Proceedings of National Academy of Science 72: 5061-5065.
• Wright S. 1943. Isolation by distance. Genetics 28: 114-118.
• Wright S. 1951. The genetical structure of populations. Annals of Eugenics 15: 323-354.