Estimation of zooplankton mortality caused by an Arctic glacier outflow

• Autorzy: Zajaczkowski M.J. , Legezynska J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The outflow of freshwater from underwater channels in the Kongsbreen tidal glacier in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, 79◦ N, was measured as 138.8 m3 s−1 at the peak of the melting season. Experiments on local marine plankton mortality show that when exposed to salinities below 9 PSU, all copepods die within 15 minutes. We estimate that during 100 days of the melting season, as many as 85 tonnes wet weight (WW) of plankton is removed from the water column due to osmotic shock, which makes up 15% of the standing zooplankton biomass of the fjord. The dead zooplankton sinks after exposure to low salinities and is probably an important food source for scavenging benthic fauna in the fjord. This mechanism could be responsible for the high numbers of Onisimus caricus near the glacier front.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

water column; marine plankton; Arctic; zooplankton; marine organism; glacier outflow; fresh water; osmotic shock; mortality

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Oceanologia
• Rocznik: 2001
• Tom: 43
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.341-351,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Zajaczkowski M.J.

• Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland

autor

Legezynska J.

Bibliografia

• Aarset A.V., Aunaas T., 1987, Osmotic responses by hypoosmotic stress in the Amphipods Gammarus wilkitzkii, Onismimus glacialis and Parathemisto libellula from Arctic waters, Polar Biol., 7, 189–193.
• Beszczyńska-M¨oller A., Węsławski J.M., Walczowski W., Zajączkowski M., 1997, Estimation of glacial meltwater discharge into Svalbard coastal waters, Oceanologia, 39, 289–298.
• Carey A.G., Boudrias M.A., 1987, Feeding ecology of Pseudalibrotus (=Onisimus) litoralis Kroyer (Crustacea: Amphipoda) on the Beaufort Sea Inner Continental Shelf, Polar Biol., 8, 29–33.
• Elverhøi A., Liestol O., Nagy J., 1980, Glacial erosion, sedimentation and microfauna in the inner part of Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Norsk Polarinst. Skr., 172, 33–61.
• Elverhøi A., Lonne O., Seland R., 1983, Glaciomarine sedimentation in a modern fjord environment, Spitsbergen, Polar Res., 1, 127–149.
• Grodziński W., Klekowski R. Z., Duncan A., 1975, Methods for ecological bioenergetics, Blackwell Sci. Publ., IBP Handbook, 24 pp.
• Hop H., Pearson T., Hegseth E.N., Kit M., Kovacs K. M., Wiencke Ch., Kwaśniewski S., Eiane K., Węsławski J.M., Cochrane S., Leakey R., Gulliksen B., Mehlum F., Włodarska-Kowalczuk M., Lydersen Ch., Lonne O. J., Gabrielsen G.W., ZajączkowskiM., Falk-Petersen S., Kendall M., W¨angberg S.A., Bischof K., Voronkov A. Y., Kovaltchouk N. A., Wiktor J., Poltermann M., Di Prisco G., Estoppey A., Papucci C., Gerland S., Lippert H., The ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Polar Res., (in prep.).
• Ito H., Kudoh S., 1997, Characteristics of water in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Proc. NIPR Symp. Polar Meteor. Glaciol., 11, 211–232.
• Kaartvedt S., Aksnes D. L., 1992, Does freshwater discharge cause mortality of fjord-living zooplankton?, Est. Coast. Shelf Sci., 34, 305–313.
• Ketchum B.H., 1950, Hydrographic factors involved in the dispersion of pollutants introduced into tidal waters, J. Boston Soc. Civ. Eng., 37, 296–314.
• Khlebovitsch V.V., 1990, Some physico-chemical and biological phenomena in the salinity gradient, Limnologica, 20, 5–8.
• Lefauconnier B., Hagen J.O., Rudant J.P., 1994, Flow speed and calving rate of Kongsbreen glacier, Svalbard, using SPOT images, Polar Res., 13 (1), 59–65.
• Legeżyńska J., Distribution patterns and feeding strategy of lysianassoid amphipods in an Arctic fjord, Pol. Polar Res., (in press).
• Legeżyńska J., Węsławski J.M., Presler P., 2000, Benthic scavengers collected by baited traps in the high Arctic, Polar Biol., 23, 539–544.
• Nut D.C., Coachman L.K., 1956, The Oceanography of Hebron Fiord; Labrador, J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 13, 709–758.
• Opaliński K., Węsławski J.M., 1989, Ecology, metabolic rate and metabolic adaptations in Spitsbergen amphipods, Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol., 36, 333–350.
• Poltermann M., 1997, Biology and ecology of cryopelagic amphipods from Arctic Sea ice, Ber. Polarforsch., 225, 1–170.
• Sainte-Marie B., Lamarche G., 1985, The diets of six species of the carrion-feeding lysianassid amphipod genus Anonyx and their relation with morphology and swimming behaviour, Sarsia, 70, 119–126.
• Scott C., Kwaśniewski S., Falk-Petersen S., Sargent J.R., 2000, Lipids and life strategies of Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus in late autumn, Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Polar Biol., 23, 510–516.
• Slattery P.N., Oliver J.N., 1986, Scavenging and other feeding habits of lysianassid amphipods (Orchomene spp.) from McMurdo Sound; Antarctica, Polar Biol., 6, 171–177.
• Svendsen H., Beszczyńska-M¨oller A., Hagen J.O., Lefauconnier B., Tverberg V., Gerland S., Ørbræk J. B., Bischof K., Papucci C., Zajączkowski M., Azzolini R., Bruland O., Wiencke Ch., Winther J.G., Hodson A., Mumford P., Dallmann W., The physical environment of Kongsfjorden-Krossfjorden: an Arctic fiord system in Svalbard, Polar Res., (in prep.).
• Węsławski J.M., 1991, Malacostraca, [in:] Atlas of the marine fauna of southern Spitsbergen, R. Z. Klekowski & J.M. Węsławski (eds.), Inst. Oceanol. PAS, Gdańsk, 118-357.
• Węsławski J.M., Koszteyn J., Zajączkowski M., Wiktor J., Kwaśniewski S., 1995, Freshwater in Svalbard fjord ecosystem, [in:] Ecology of fjords and coastal waters, H.R. Skjoldal, C. Hopkins, K.E. Erikstad & H.P. Leinaas (eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 229–241.
• Węsławski J.M., Legeżyńska J., 1998, Glaciers caused zooplankton mortality?, J. Plankton Res., 20, 1233–1240.
• Węsławski J.M., Pedersen G., Falk-Petersen S., Poraziński K., 2000, Entrapment of macroplankton in an Arctic fjord basin, Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Oceanologia, 42 (1), 57–69.