Wood occupation and area requirement of the Great Spotted Woodpecker Picoides major in Rome [Central Italy]

• Autorzy: Salvati L , Manganaro A. , Ranazzi L.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This study was carried out in Rome city from 1991 to 1999. In a total of 47 urban parks and suburban woods, 22 wooded areas were occupied by Great Spotted Woodpeckers during the breeding period. All woods greater than 50 ha in area were occupied by woodpeckers. On a five year scale, territorial stability was positively correlated with woodland size. The requirement of wooded area per territory was slightly higher in urban parks (6.7 ± 2.7 ha, n = 10 wooded areas) than in suburban woods (5.7 ± 1.3 ha, n = 5), and was negatively correlated to the vegetation cover. The area of woodland per territory in Rome was higher than in neighbouring deciduous oak woods. This suggests that urban habitats are of inferior quality for breeding Great Spotted Woodpeckers, probably owing to features of their vegetation and their isolation from other woodland patches. Maintaining mature stands of natural vegetation with old and dead trees in larger urban parks could be useful to encourage the occurrence of Great Spotted Woodpecker in cities.

PL

Badania prowadzono w latach 1991-1999. Zbadano łącznie 47 parków miejskich i podmiejskich lasów. W 22 z nich stwierdzono występowanie dzięcioła dużego w sezonie lęgowym. Wszystkie obszary zadrzewione większe niż 50 ha były wykorzystywane przez dzięcioły (Fig. 1). W skali pięcioletniej stwierdzono, że stabilność zajmowania terytoriów lęgowych była skorelowana z wielkością lasu. Wielkość obszaru zadrzewionego przypadająca na terytorium była podobna dla parków miejskich i lasów podmiejskich (Tab. 1). Przeliczając uzyskane wyniki na lkm² ciągłego lasu stwierdzono, że zagęszczenia dzięciołów były tylko nieznacznie mniejsze w parkach miejskich (17.1 ± 6.3 terytorium/km², n = 10), niż w lasach podmiejskich (18.61 ± 5.8 terytorium/km², n = 5). Zagęszczenia ptaków były mniejsze w Rzymie niż w okolicznych lasach dębowych, co sugeruje, że parki miejskie są dla dzięcioła dużego środowiskami o gorszej jakości, prawdopodobnie w związku z rodzajem roślinności i izolacją od innych płatów leśnych. Utrzymywanie naturalnych zespołów roślinnych ze starymi i martwymi drzewami w większych parkach miejskich może być sposobem na zwiększanie częstości występowania dzięcioła dużego w tym środowisku.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Great Spotted Woodpecker; breeding density; Rome; Picoides major; wood occupation; Italy; distribution; urban green area

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Ornithologica
• Rocznik: 2001
• Tom: 36
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.19-23,fig.

Twórcy

autor

Salvati L

autor

Manganaro A.

autor

Ranazzi L.

Bibliografia

• Angelstam P., Mikusiński G. 1994. Woodpecker assemblages in natural and managed boreal and hemiboreal forest — a review. Ann. Zool. Fennici 31: 157-172.
• Attorre F., Rossetti A., Sbrega B., Bruno F. 1999. Landscape changes in Rome, Italy. Coenosis 13: 57-64.
• Bellamy P. E., Brown N. J., Enoksson B., Firbank L. G., Fuller R. J., Hinsley S. A., Schotman A. G. M. 1998. The influence of habitat, landscape structure and climate on local distribution patterns of the nuthatch (Sitta europaea L.). Oecologia 115: 127-136.
• Bernoni M., Ianniello L. 1989. [The breeding Piciformes in the forests of Central Italy]. Avocetta 13: 115-119.
• Bruno F., Blasi C. 1987. Carta del verde delia cittá di Roma (I°-II° Circoscrizione). Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Universitá di Roma „La Sapienza”, Comune di Roma.
• Cramp S. (ed.). 1985. The birds of the Western Palearctic. Vol. IV. Oxford.
• Flade M. 1997. Great Spotted Woodpecker. In: Hagemeijer E. J. M., Blair M. J. (eds.). The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds: Their Distribution and Abundance. T & AD Foyser, London, pp. 448-449.
• Galeotti E 1994. Patterns of territory size and defense level in rural and urban Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) populations. J. Zool. (London) 234: 641-658.
• Gilbert O. L. 1989. The ecology of urban habitats. Chapman & Hall, London.
• Hansson L. 1992. Requirements by the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major for a suburban life. Ornis Svec. 2: 1-6.
• Hinsley S. A., Bellamy E. E., Newton I., Sparks T. H. 1996. Influences of population size and woodland area on bird species distributions in small woods. Oecologia 105: 100-106.
• Horak P. 1993. Low fledging success of urban Great Tits. Ornis Fenn. 70: 168-172.
• James F. C., Shugart H. H. 1970. A quantitative method of habitat description. Audubon Field Notes 24: 727-736.
• Jansson G., Angelstam P. 1999. Threshold levels of habitat composition for the presence of the long-tailed tit (Aegithalos caudatus) in a boreal landscape. Landscape Ecology 14: 283-290.
• Jansson G., Saari L. 1999. Suitable habitat distribution for the Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus) as indicated by the frequency of occurrence — a long-term study. Ornis Fenn. 76: 115-122.
• Jarvinen O., Vaisanen R. A. 1977. Line transect method: a standard for field-work. Pol. Ecol. Stud. 3: 11-15.
• Konstantinov V. M., Nowicki W., Pichurin A. G. 1996. Recent changes in the avifauna of cities in European Russian and Eastern Poland — results of a questionnaire. Acta Ornithol. 31: 59-66.
• Luniak M. 1990. Avifauna of cities in Central and Eastern Europe — Results of the International Enquiry. In: Luniak M. (ed.). Urban ecological studies in Central and Eastern Europe. Ossolineum, Warsaw, pp. 131-149.
• Luniak M. 1996. Inventory of the avifauna of Warsaw — species composition, abundance, and habitat distribution. Acta Ornithol. 31: 67-80.
• Matthysen E., Adriaensen F. 1998. Forest size and isolation have no effect on reproductive success of Eurasian Nuthatches (Sitta europaea). Auk 115: 955-963.
• Matthysen E., Adriaensen F., Dhondt A. A. 1995. Dispersal distances of nuthatches, Sitta europaea, in a highly fragmented forest habitat. Oikos 72: 375-381.
• Opdam P. F. M. 1994. Impact of landscape fragmentation on birds, an introduction. In: Hagemeijer E. J. M., Verstrael T. J. (eds.). Bird Numbers 1992. Distribution, monitoring and ecological aspects. Proc. XII Intern. Conf. IBCC and EOAC, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands. Statistics Netherlands, Voorburg/Heerlen & SOVON, Beek-Ubbergen, pp. 99-103.
• Opdam P., Schotman A. 1987. Small woods in rural landscape as habitat islands for woodland birds. Acta Oecol. 8: 269-274.
• Renman G., Mortberg U. 1994. Avifauna — relation to size, configuration and habitat conditions of green urban areas in Stockholm. Memorabilia Zool. 49: 245-255.
• Rolstad J., Rolstad E., Stokke P. K. 1995. Feeding habitat and nest-site selection of breeding Great Spotted Woodpeckers Picoides major. Ornis Fenn. 72: 62-71.
• Salvati L., Manganaro A. 1999. Notes on the frequency of Great Spotted Woodpecker (Picoides major) in Rome district (Central Italy). Avocetta 23: 191.
• Smith K. W. 1987. Ecology of the Great Spotted Woodpecker. RSPB Conserv. Rev. 1: 74-77.
• Tjernberg M., Johnsson K., Nilsson S. G. 1993. Density variation and breeding success of the Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius in relation to forest fragmentation. Ornis Fenn. 70: 155-162.
• Wesołowski T., Tomiałojć L. 1986. The breeding ecology of woodpeckers in a temperate primaeval forest — preliminary data. Acta Ornithol. 22: 1-21.
• Wiktander U., Nilsson I. N., Nilsson S. G., Olsson O., Pettersson B., Stagen A. 1992. Occurrence of Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos minor in relation to area of deciduous forest. Ornis Fenn. 69: 113-118.
• Yamauchi K., Yamazaki S., Fujimaki Y. 1997. Breeding habitats of Dendrocopos major and D. minor in urban and rural areas. Jap. J. Ornithol. 46: 121-131.