A new tritylodontid from the Upper Jurassic of Xinjiang, China

• Autorzy: Hu Y , Meng J. , Clark J.M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A new genus and species of Tritylodontidae, Yuanotherium minor, is described and compared with other known tritylodontids. The new taxon is represented by a partially preserved upper jaw with three postcanines, collected from the upper part of the Shishugou Formation (Oxfordian, Late Jurassic) in the Wucaiwan area of the Junggar Basin, northwestern Xinjiang, China. Like other tritylodontids its maxillary teeth have three rows of blade−like trenchant cusps separated by deep furrows. The new species differs from other tritylodontids mainly in having posteriormost two cusps of the median row on upper postcanines closely placed. The new tritylodontid may have been omnivorous rather than herbivorous, as previously suggested for tritylodontids in general.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

new tritylodontid; tritylodontid; Upper Jurassic; Jurassic; paleontology; Xinjiang; China; Tritylodontidae; Cynodontia; cynodont; Yuanotherium minor

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: 54
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.385-391,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Hu Y

• Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, 142 Xiwaidajie, P.O. Box 643, Beijing 100044,China

autor

Meng J.

autor

Clark J.M.

Bibliografia

• Bonaparte, J.F., Martinelli, A.G., Schultz, C.L., and Rubert, R. 2003. The sister group of mammals: small cynodonts from the Late Triassic of Southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontología 5: 5–27.
• Bonaparte, J.F., Martinelli, A.G., and Schultz, C.L. 2005. New information on Brasilodon and Brasilitherium (Cynodontia, Probainognathia) from the late Triassic of southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontología 8: 25–46.
• Charlesworth, E. 1854. Notice on new vertebrate fossils. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science for 1854, 80. London.
• Chow, M.−Z. 1962. A tritylodont specimen from Lufeng, Yunnan [in Chinese]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 6: 365–367.
• Chow, M.−Z. and Hu, C.−Z. 1959. A new tritylodontid from Lufeng, Yunnan. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 3: 7–10.
• Clark, J.M. and Hopson, J.A. 1985. Distinctive mammal−like reptile from Mexico and its bearing on the phylogeny of the Tritylodontidae. Nature 315: 398–400.
• Clark, J. M., Montellano, M., Hopson, J.A., and Fastovsky, D.E. 1994. An Early or Middle Jurassic tetrapod assemblage from the La Boca Formation, northeastern Mexico. In: N.C. Fraser and H.D. Sues (eds.), In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods, 295–302. Cambridge University Press, New York.
• Clark, J.M., Xu, X., and Forster, C. 2006. The fauna of the middle–upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation western China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Supplement to 26 (3): 50A.
• Crompton, A.W. 1955. On some Triassic cynodonts from Tanganyika. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 125: 617–699.
• Crompton, A.W. 1972. Postcanine occlusion in cynodonts and tritylodonts. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 21: 30–71.
• Crompton, A.W. and Ellenberger, F. 1957. On a new cynodont from the Molteno Beds and the origin of tritylodontids. Annals of the South African Museum 44: 1–14.
• Cui, G.−H. 1976. Yunnania, a new tritylodontid from Lufeng, Yunnan [in Chinese]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 14: 85–90.
• Cui, G.−H. 1981. A new genus of Tritylodontidae [in Chinese]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 19: 5–10.
• Cui, G.−H. and Sun, A.−L. 1987. Postcanine root system in tritylodonts [in Chinese with English summary]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 25: 245–259.
• Eberth, D.A., Brinkman, D.B., Chen, P.−J., Yuan, F.−T., Wu, S.−Z., Li, G., and Cheng, X.−S. 2001. Sequence stratigraphy paleoclimate patterns and vertebrate fossil preservation in Jurassic–Cretaceous strata of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, People's Republic China. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 38: 1627–1644.
• Eberth, D.A., Xu, X., Clark, J., Machlus, M., and Hmming, S. 2006. The dinosaur−bearing Shishugou Formation (Jurassic Northwest China) revealed. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (Supplement to No. 3) 26: 58A.
• Evans, S.E. and Milner, A.R. 1994. Middle Jurassic microvertebrate assemblages from the British Isles. In: N.C. Fraser and H.−D. Sues (eds.), In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods, 303–321. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Fastovsky, D.E., Hermes, O.D. Strater, N.H., Bowring, S.A., Clark, J., Montellano, M., and Hernandez, R. 2005. Pre–Late Jurassic, fossil−bearing red beds of Huizachal Canyon, Tamaulipas, Mexico. In: T.H. Anderson, J.A. Nourse, J.W. McKee, and M.B. Steiner (eds.), The Mojave−Sonora Megashear Hypothesis: Development, Assessment, and Alternatives. Geological Society of America Special Paper 393: 401–426.
• Hammer, W.R. and Smith, N.D. 2008. A tritylodont postcanine from the Hason Formation of Antarctica. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 269–273.
• He, X.−L. and Cai, K.−J. 1984. The tritylodont remains from Dashanpu, Zigong. Journal of Chengdu College of Geology (Special Paper on Dinosaurian Remains of Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan [II]) Supplement 2 (Sum33): 33–45.
• Hopson, J.A. 1965. Tritylodontid Therapsids from Yunnan and the Cranial Morphology of Bienotherium. 275 pp. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. The University of Chicago, Chicago.
• Hopson, J.A. 1991. Systematics of the nonmammalian Synapsida and implications for patterns of evolution in synapsids. In: H.−P. Schultze and L. Trueb (eds.), Origins of the Higher Groups of Tetrapods: Controversy and Consensus, 635–693. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, New York.
• Hopson, J.A. and Crompton, A.W. 1969. Origin of mammals. In: T. Dobzhansky, M.K. Hecht, and W.C. Steere (eds.), Evolutionary Biology, 15–71. Appleton−Century−Croft, New York.
• Hopson, J.A. and Kitching, J.W. 2001. A probainognathian cynodont from South Africa and the phylogeny of nonmammalian cynodonts. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology 156: 5–35.
• Kemp, T.S. 1982. Mammal−like Reptiles and the Origin of Mammals. 363 pp. Academic Press, London.
• Kemp, T.S. 2005. The Origin and Evolution of Mammals. 331 pp. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• Kermack, D.M. 1982. A new tritylodontid from the Kayenta formation of Arizona. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 76: 1–17.
• Kühne, W.G. 1956. The Liassic Therapsid Oligokyphus. 149 pp. British Museum of Natural History, London.
• Landry, S.O. Jr. 1970. The Rodentia as omnivores. Quarterly Journal of Biology 45: 351–372.
• Luo, Z.−X. and Sun, A.−L. 1993. Oligokyphus (Cynodontia: Tritylodontidae) from the Lower Lufeng Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Yunnan, China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13: 477–482.
• Luo, Z.−X. and Wu, X.−C. 1994. The small tetrapods of the Lower Lufeng Formation, Yunnan, China. In: N.C. Fraser and H.D. Sues (eds.), In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs—Early Mesozoic Tetrapods, 251–270. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Maisch, M.W., Matzke, A.T., and Sun, G. 2004. A new tritylodontid from the Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation of the Junggar Basin (Xinjiang, NW China). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24: 649–656.
• Matsuoka, H. and Setoguchi, T. 2000. Significance of Chinese tritylodontids (Synapsida, Cynodontia) for the systematic study of Japanese materials from the Lower Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation, Tetori Group of Shiramine, Ishikawa, Japan. Asian Primate Paleontology 1: 161–176.
• Nowak, R.M. 1999. Walker’s Mammals of the World, Sixth edition, Vols. 1–2. 2015 pp. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
• Owen, R. 1884. On the skull and dentition of a Triassic mammal (Tritylodon longaevus) from South Africa. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 40: 146–152.
• Rowe, T. 1988. Definition, diagnosis, and origin of Mammalia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8: 241–264.
• Savage, R.J.G. 1971. Tritylodontid incertae sedis. Proceedings of the Bristol Natural History Society 32: 80–83.
• Setoguchi, T., Matsuoka, H., and Matsuda, M. 1999. New discovery of an Early Cretaceous tritylodontid (Reptilia, Therapsida) from Japan and the phylogenetic reconstruction of Tritylodontidae based on the dental characters. In: Y.−Q. Wang and T. Deng (eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 117–124. China Ocean Press, Beijing.
• Sidor, C.A. and Hopson, J.A. 1998. Ghost lineages and “mammalness”: assessing the temporal pattern of character acquisition in the Synapsida. Paleobiology 24: 254–273.
• Simpson, G.G. 1928. A Catalogue of the Mesozoic Mammalia in the Geological Department of the British Museum. 215 pp. Trustees of the British Museum, London.
• Sues, H.−D. 1985a. The relationship of the Tritylodontidae (Synapsida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 85: 205–217.
• Sues, H.−D. 1985b. First record of the tritylodontid Oligokyphus (Synapsida) from the Jurassic of western North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 5: 328–335.
• Sues, H.−D. 1986a. The skull and dentition of two tritylodontid synapsids from the Lower Jurassic of western North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 151: 217–268.
• Sues, H.−D. 1986b. Relationships and biostratigraphic significance of the Tritylodontidae (Synapsida) from the Kayenta Formation of northeastern Arizona. In: K. Padian (ed.), The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: Faunal Chang across the Triassic–Jurassic Boundary, 279–284. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Sues, H.−D. 1986c. Dinnebitodon amarali, a new tritylodontid (Synapsida) from the Lower Jurassic of western North America. Journal of Paleontology 60: 758–762.
• Sues. H.−D. and Jenkins, F.A. Jr. 2006. The postcranial skeleton of Kayentatherium wellesi from the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona and the phylogenetic significance of postcranial fratures in tritylodontid cynodonts. In: M.T. Carrano, T.J. Gaudin, R.W. Blob, and J.R. Wible (eds.), Amniote Paleobiology: Perspectives on the Evolution of Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles, 114–152. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
• Sun, A.−L. 1984. Skull morphology of the tritylodont genus Bienotheroides of Sichuan. Scientita Sinica B 27 (9): 970–984.
• Sun, A.−L. 1986. New material of Bienotheroides (tritylodontid reptile) from the Shaximiao Formation of Sichuan [in Chinese]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 24: 165–170.
• Sun, A.−L. and Cui, G.−H. 1989. Tritylodont reptile from Xinjiang [in Chinese with English summary]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 27: 1–8.
• Sun, A.−L. and Li, Y.−H. 1985. The postcranial skeleton of the late tritylodont Bienotheroides [in Chinese with English summary]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 23: 135–151.
• Tatarinov, L.P. and Matchenko, E.N. 1999. A find of an aberrant tritylodont (Reptilia, Cynodontia) in the Lower Cretaceous of the Kemerovo Region. Paleontological Journal 33: 422–428.
• Watabe, M., Tsubamoto, T., and Tsogtbaatar, K. 2007. A new tritylodontid synapsid from Mongolia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52: 263–274.
• Young, C.−C. 1940. Preliminary notes on the Mesozoic mammals of Lufeng, Yunnan, China. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 20: 93–111.
• Young, C.−C. 1947. Mammal−like reptiles from Lufeng, Yunnan, China. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 117: 537–597.
• Young, C.−C. 1974. New material of therapsids from Lufeng, Yunnan [in Chinese]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 12: 111–114.
• Young, C.−C. 1982. On a Bienotherium−like tritylodont from Szechuan, China [in Chinese]. In: Selected Works of Yang Zhongjian, 10–13. Science Press, Beijing.