Oyster life positions and shell beds from the Upper Jurassic of Poland

• Autorzy: Machalski M

Warianty tytułu

PL

Pozycje przezyciowe ostryg i dynamika sedymentacyjna muszlowcow ostrygowych z gornej jury Polski

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Life positions of three oyster species, Actinostreon gregareun (J. Sowerby, 1816), Deltoideum delta (Smith, 1817), and Nanogyra virgula (Defrance, 1820) from the Polish Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian and Volgian) sequences, mainly from the parautochthonous shell beds, are reconstructed. The oysters reveal variation in morphology and/or settling behaviour, which is interpreted in terms of ecophenotypic response to the fluctuations in sedimentation rate and the softness of substrate. Both A. gregareum and D. delta could 'choose' between a mud-sticking and reclining mode of life. The latter sfrategy is manifested e.g., by a cup-shaped, Gryphaea-like morphotype documented for the first time in D. delta. N. virgula was previously regarded as a cup-shaped recliner, but the collected material suggests that many specimens could live in a lateral position or form clusters composed of mutually attached specimens. Sedimentation rates during the oyster life cycles can be inferred from the reconstructed oyster life positions and ranged from approximately 7-13 cm in the case of largest mud-sticking specimens to nil in flat, fan-shaped recliners. The oyster life habits can thus provide valuable insights into sedimentary and ecologic dynamics of oyster shell beds. The Actinostreon beds originated under dynamic bypassing conditions, whereas Deltoideum beds in a regime of starvation or total bypassing of sediment. In the case of the Nanogyra virgula beds, the evidence is ambiguous due to difficulties in reconsfructing the life attitude of many specimens of this species.

PL

W pracy zrekonstruowano pozycje przyżyciowe trzech gatunków ostryg z kimerydu i wołgu Polski, głównie z parautochtonicznych muszlowców kimerydu obrzeżenia mezozoicznego Gór Świętokrzyskich (odsłonięcia w Małogoszczy, Wierzbicy, Gruszczynie, Olesznie oraz Korytnicy). Gatunkami tymi są: Actinostreon gregareum (J. Sowerby, 1816), Deltoideum delta (Smith, 1817) oraz Nanogyra virgula (Defrance, 1820). Badane ostrygi należą do grupy wtórnych mieszkańców miękkiego dna (secondary soft-bottom dwellers). Wykazują one zróżnicowanie morfologii i behawioru zasiedlania podłoża, które można zinterpretować w kategoriach ekofenotypowej reakcji na zróżnicowanie tempa sedymentacji oraz stopnia zwięzłości osadu dennego. A. gregareum oraz D. delta mogły zarówno żyć w pozycji pionowej w osadzie (mud-stickers), jak i spoczywać na jego powierzchni (recliners). Ta druga strategia reprezentowana jest m.in. przez kubeczkowaty morfotyp D. delta (cup-shaped recliner) z wapieni wołgu w Sławnie, który przypomina kształtem Gryphaea. Mortotyp ten stwierdzono po razpierwszy u D, delta. N. virgula była dotychczas uważana za formę spoczywającą wypukłością skorupy lewej na miękkim dnie. Zebrany materiał wskazuje, że ostryga ta mogła również żyć opierając się tylnym bokiem skorupy lewej na dnie (lateral recliner) lub też tworzyć kilkuosobnikowe zrosty (clusters). Zrekonstruowane pozycje przyżyciowe ostryg zezwalają na odtworzenie tempa sedymentacji w czasie ich wzrostu, które wahało się od około 7-13 cm (w przypadku największych osobników żyjących pionowo w osadzie) do kilku milimetrów lub nawet zeru (w przypadku płaskich morfotypów spoczywających na powierzchni osadu). Ustalenia te pozwalają z kolei odtworzyć dynamikę sedymentacyjną parautochtonicznych muszlowców ostrygowych. Wykazano, że muszlowce z A. gregareum tworzyły się przy przewadze warunków dynamicznego omijania dna przez osad (dynamic bypassing), poczas gdy muszlowce z D. delta w warunkach "zagłodzenia" dna (starvation) lub jego całkowitego omijania przez osad (total bypassing). Środowiska powstawania muszlowców z N. virgula nie sposób odtworzyć jedynie na podstawie trybu żtycia ostryg, gdyż nie może on być zrekonstruowany u wielu osobnków tego gatunku.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

fauna kopalna; pozycja przezyciowa; dynamika sedymentacyjna; ostrygi; Actinostreon gregareum; Polska; jura; wolg; sedymentacja; gorna jura; Deltoideum delta; Nanogyra virgula; Gory Swietokrzyskie; paleontologia; muszlowce parautochtoniczne; zroznicowanie morfologiczne; kimeryd

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 1998
• Tom: 43
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: s.609-634,rys.,fot.,map.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Machalski M

• Instytut Paleobiologii PAN, ul.Twarda 51-55, 00-818 Warszawa

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