On the age of self-sufficiency in Scandinavian brown bears

• Autorzy: Swenson J. E. , Franzen R. , Segerstrom P. , Sandegren F.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The young of brown bears Ursus arctos Linneaus, 1758 are sometimes orphaned and found by humans. People and authorities often want to help these young survive by taking them into captivity. We report on the fate of five young-of-the-year brown bears in two litters that lost their mothers in May and September. We left food for one of the two cubs that were abandoned in May after the other one had died. He was shot four years later and had a normal weight at that time. The other three lost their mother in September, probably to illegal hunting. One was lighter than normal the following May and died that year. The two others are still alive at almost six years of age, and have shown normal growth and reproduction. We conclude that young-of-the-year brown bear cubs in Scandinavia can survive well on their own from the beginning of July, and recommend that they be left where they are found.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

reproduction; diet; orphaned young; Scandinavian brown bear; brown bear; sufficiency; growth; Ursus arctos

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Theriologica
• Rocznik: 1998
• Tom: 43
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.213-218

Twórcy

autor

Swenson J. E.

• Norvegian Institute for Nature Research, Tungasletta 2, N-7005 Trondheim, Norway

autor

Franzen R.

autor

Segerstrom P.

autor

Sandegren F.

Bibliografia

• Alt G. L. and Beecham J. J. 1984. Reintroduction of orphaned black bear cubs into the wild. Wildlife Society Bulletin 12: 169-174.
• Bjârvall A. and Sandegren F. 1987. Early experiences with the first radio-marked brown bears in Sweden. Proceedings of the International Conference on Bear Research and Management 7: 9-12.
• Camarra J. J. 1989. L'ours brun. Hatier, Paris: 1-213.
• Craighead J. J., Craighead F. C., Jr and McCutchen H. E. 1970. Age determination of grizzly bears from fourth premolar tooth sections. Journal of Wildlife Management 34: 353-363.
• Craighead J. J., Sumner J. S. and Mitchell J. A. 1995. The grizzly bears of Yellowstone, their ecology in the Yellowstone Ecosystem, 1959-1992. Island Press, Washington, D. C.: 1-535.
• Erickson A. W. 1959. The age of self-sufficiency in the black bear. Journal of Wildlife Management 23: 401-405.
• Johnson L. J. and LeRoux P. 1973. Age of self-sufficiency in brown/grizzly bear in Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 37: 122-123.
• Jonkel C. J., Husby P., Russell R. and Beecham J. 1980. The reintroduction of orphaned grizzly bear cubs into the wild. Proceedings of the International Conference on Bear Research and Manage­ment 4: 369-372.
• Kaplin E. L. and Meier P. 1958. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistics Association 53: 457-481.
• McLellan B. 1994. Density-dependent population regulation of brown bears. Ninth International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Monograph Series No. 3: 15-24.
• Palomero G., Blanco J. C., Garcia P. and Palomero G. 1992. Ecology and behaviour of 3 wild orphaned brown bear cubs in Spain. [In: Management and restoration of small and relictual bears populations, F. Bourliere, President of the Scientific Committee], Museum d'Historié Naturelle, Grenoble: 194-204.
• Payne N. F. 1975. Unusual movements of Newfoundland black bears. Journal of Wildlife Management 29: 812-813.
• Pazhentov V. S. 1990. [The brown bear], Agropromizdat, Moscow: 1-214. [In Russian]
• Rogers L. L. 1987. Effects of food supply and kinship on social behavior, movements, and population growth of black bears in northeastern Minnesota. Wildlife Monographs 97: 1-72.
• Russell R. H., Nolan J. W., Woody N. A. and Anderson G. 1979. A study of the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos L.) in Jasper National Park, 1975-1978, final report. Unpublished report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton, Alberta: 1-136.
• Swenson J. E., Sandegren F., Bjärvall A., Söderberg A., Wabakken P. and Franzén R. 1994. Size, trend, distribution and conservation of the brown bear Ursus arctos population in Sweden. Biological Conservation 70: 9-17.
• Swenson J. E., Sandegren F., Söderberg A., Bjärvall A. and Franzén R. 1997. Infanticide caused by hunting of male bears. Nature 386: 450-451.
• Swenson J. E., Sandegren F., Söderberg A. and Franzén R. 1995. Estimating the total weight of Scandinavian brown bears Ursus arctos from field-dressed and slaughter weights. Wildlife Biology 1: 177-179.