Penetration of air within the apple tree canopy as affected by the air jet characteristics and travel velocity of the sprayer

• Autorzy: Swiechowski W. , Doruchowski G. , Holownicki R. , Godyn A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The characteristics of air jet together with travel velocity of the sprayer are crucial factors influencing the penetration of air in the tree canopy. The objective of the study was to determine the volume of air penetrating into the canopy of apple trees, produced by three orchard sprayers with different fan types and operated at different travel velocities. Due to different fans, the following discharge systems were available: radial air flow, cross-flow and directed air flow. The sprayers were driven at 4, 6 and 8 km/h along the trees inside which the air velocity was measured in 9 points, placed in 3 vertical layers. The obtained data was processed to get the air volume penetrating the tree canopy and being delivered to the points of measurements. The influence of travel velocity on air penetration in the tree depended on the character of the air jet produced by the sprayer. For high volume/low speed air jets (radial air flow and cross flow) the decrease of travel velocity caused consid.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

travel velocity; air flow; apple tree; orchard; air velocity; sprayer; tree canopy; penetration; canopy penetration

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Agricultural Engineering
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: 07
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: http://www.ejpau.media.pl/series/volume7/issue2/engineering/art-03.html

Twórcy

autor

Swiechowski W.

• Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, 18 Pomologiczna Street, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland

autor

Doruchowski G.

autor

Holownicki R.

autor

Godyn A.

Bibliografia

• Derksen R. C., Gray K. L., 1995. Deposition and air speed patterns of air-carrier apple orchard sprayers. Transaction of the ASAE 38 (1), 5-11.
• Fox R. D., Reichard D. L., Brazee R. L., Hall F. R., 1984. Penetration of apple tree canopy by orchard sprayer air jets. Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Research Circular 283 p. 22-25.
• Fox R. D., Reichard D. L., Brazee R. L., 1985. A model study of the effect of wind on air sprayers jets. Transaction of the ASAE 28 (1), 83-88.
• Fox R. D., Reichard D. L., Brazee R. L., 1987. Travel and wind affect jet sprayers. American Nurseyman 165 (1), 100-102.
• Fox R. D., Reichard D. L., Brazee R. L., Hall F. R., 1990. Downwind residue from air spraying of a dwarf apple orchard. Transactions of the ASAE 33 (4), 1104-1108.
• Randall J. M., 1971. The relationships between air volume and pressure on spray distribution in fruit trees. J. Arg. Eng. Res. 16(1), 1-31.
• Schmidt K., Koch H., 1995. Adjustment of air blast sprayers and distribution of pesticide deposition in orchards. Nachrichtenblatt Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst 47 (7), 161-167.
• Svensson S. A., 2001. Air jet influence on application results in orchards. Mat. Konf. “Racjonalna Technika Ochrony Roślin”, p. 122-134.
• Travis J. W., Skroch W. A., Sutton T. B., 1987. Effect of canopy density on pesticide deposition and distribution in apple trees. Plant Disease 71 (7), 613-615.
• Walklate P. J., Weiner K. L., 1993. Engineering models of air assistance orchard sprayers. ISHS International Symp. Engineering as a Tool to Reduce Pesticide Consumption and Operator Hazards in Horticulture. Ulvik – Norway, 8-13 VIII 1993, 1-8.
• Walklate P. J., Richardson G. M., Cross J. V., 1996. Measurements of the effect of air volumetric flow rate and sprayer speed on drift and leaf deposit distribution from an air-assisted sprayer in an apple orchard. Proceedings of Agricultural Engineering Research, AgEng96, Paper 96A-131, 9 p. Madrid, Spain.