We investigated in the single myocytes of rat heart the effect of blocking of ATP-ase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release. Mitochondrial Ca2+ content was investigated as Mn2+ - resistant fluorescence of Indo 1 - AM loaded into cells. SR ATP-ase was blocked with 10-6 M thapsigargin (Tg). Tg blocked almost completely stimulation Œdependent mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and slowed down its release despite that the maximal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration was not decreased. We propose that mitochondrial stimulation -dependent Ca2+ uptake is greatly enhanced by [Ca2+ ] built by SR in microdomains adjacent to these organelle.