Dive types and circadian behaviour patterns of Saimaa ringed seals Phoca hispida saimensis during the open-water season

• Autorzy: Kunnasranta M. , Hyvarinen H. , Hakkinen J. , Koskela J.T.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Diving and circadian behaviour patterns of 7 free-ranging Saimaa ringed seals Phoca hispida saimensis Nordquist, 1899 were examined by VHF-radiotelemetry during open-water seasons between May and November in Lake Saimaa, eastern Finland. The mean recorded dive duration ranged from 2.8 to 6.5 min, with a maximum of 21 min. The mean dive depth ranged from 9.8 to 15.7 m, with maximum of 39.6 m. The maximum dive depth of each seal was limited by water depth in the study area. The dive depths were positively correlated with dive duration and body mass of the seal. Five different dive types were defined, as based on their depth-time characteristics, each falling into one of the three functional categories: travelling, feeding, and resting. Long duration diving bouts occurred mostly at night and were presumed to be resting dives. Saimaa ringed seals exhibited a circadian pattern of haul-out behaviour that shifted seasonally. During molting (May-June) the seals hauled-out both day and night, but later in summer haul-out was more frequent at night.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

open-water season; circadian behaviour; Saimaa ringed seal; seal; Finland; diving behaviour; Phoca hispida saimensis; Lake Saimaa

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Theriologica
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: 47
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.63-72,fig.

Twórcy

autor

Kunnasranta M.

• University of Joensuu, P.O.Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland

autor

Hyvarinen H.

autor

Hakkinen J.

autor

Koskela J.T.

Bibliografia

• Bengtson J. L. and Stewart B. S. 1997. Diving patterns of a Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii) near the eastern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biology 18: 214-218.
• Burns J. M., Schreer J. F. and Castellini M. A. 1997. Physiological effects on dive patterns and foraging strategies in yearling Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii). Journal of Zoology, London 75: 1796-1810.
• Fedak M. A., Anderson S. S. and Curry M. G. 1983. Attachment of a radio tag to the fur of seals. Journal of Zoology, London 200: 298-300.
• Fedak M. A., Pullen M. R. and Kanswisher J. 1988. Circulatory responses of seals to periodic breathing: heart rate and breathing during exercise and diving in the laboratory and open sea. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66: 53-60.
• Folkow L. P. and Blix A. S. 1999. Diving behaviour of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) in the Greenland and Norwegian Seas. Polar Biology 22: 61-74.
• Helle E., Hyvarinen H. and Sipila T. 1984. Breeding habitat and lair structure of the Saimaa ringed seal Phoca hispida saimensis Nordq. in Finland. Acta Zoologica Fennica 172: 125-127.
• Hyvarinen H. and Nieminen M. 1990. Differentiation of the ringed seal in the Baltic Sea, Lake Ladoga and Lake Saimaa. Finnish Game Research 47: 21-27.
• Hyvarinen H., Hamalainen E. and Kunnasranta M. 1995. Diving behavior of the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis Nordq.). Marine Mammal Science 11(3): 324-334.
• Hyvarinen H., Sipila T., Koskela J. and Kunnasranta M. 1999. The Saimaa ringed seal. [In: Saimaa, a living lake. E. Kuusisto, ed]. Tammi, Helsinki: 126-136.
• Jonker F. C. and Bester M. N. 1994. The diving behaviour of adult southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, cows from Marion Island. South African Journal of Antarctic Research 24: 75-93.
• Jurvelius J. and Heikkinen T. 1988. Seasonal migration of vendace, Coregonus albula (L.), in a deep Finnish lake. Finnish Fisheries Research 9: 205-212.
• Jurvelius J., Lindem T. and Louhimo J. 1984. The number of pelagic fish in Lake Paasivesi, Finland, monitored by hydroacoustic methods. Fisheries Research 2: 273-283.
• Kelly B. P. and Quakenbush L. T. 1990. Spatiotemporal use of lairs by ringed seals (Phoca hispida). Canadian Journal of Zoology 68: 2503-2512.
• Kelly B. P. and Wartzok D. 1996. Ringed seal diving behavior in the breeding season. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74: 1547-1555.
• Koskela J. T., Kunnasranta M., Hamalainen E. and Hyvarinen H. 2001. Movements and use of haul-out sites of radiotagged Saimaa ringed seals (Phoca hispida saimensis Nordq.) during the open-water season. Annales Zoologici Fennici (in press).
• Kunnasranta M. 2001. Behavioural biology of two ringed seal (Phoca hispida) subspecies in the large European lakes Saimaa and Ladoga. Ph D thesis, University of Joensuu, Joensuu: 1-86.
• Kunnasranta M., Hyvarinen H., Sipila T. and Koskela J. T. 1999. The diet of Saimaa ringed seal Phoca hispida saimensis. Acta Theriologica 44 : 443-450.
• Kuusisto E. 1999. Basin and balances. [In: Saimaa, a living lake. E. Kuusisto, ed]. Tammi, Helsinki: 21-39.
• Le Boeuf B. J., Naito Y., Asaga T., Crocker D. and Costa D. P. 1992. Swim speed in a female northern elephant seal: metabolic and foraging implications. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 786-795.
• Lesage V., Hammill M. O. and Kovacs K. M. 1999. Functional classification of harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) dives using depth profiles, swimming velocity, and an index of foraging success. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77: 74-87.
• Lydersen C. 1991. Monitoring ringed seal (Phoca hispida) activity by means of acoustic telemetry. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 1178-1182.
• Lydersen C. and Hammill M. O. 1993. Diving in ringed seal (Phoca hispida) pups during the nursing period. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 991-996.
• Lydersen C., Ryg M. S., Hammill M. O. and O'Brien P. J. 1992. Oxygen stores and aerobic dive limit of ringed seals (Phoca hispida). Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 458-461.
• Ries E. H., Traut I. M., Paffen P. and Goedhart P. W. 1997. Diving patterns of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Wadden Sea, the Netherlands and Germany, as indicated by VHF telemetry. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75: 2063-2068.
• Sipila T. 1990. Lair structure and breeding habitat of the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis Nordq.) in Finland. Finnish Game Research 47: 11-20.
• Sjoberg M., Fedak M. A. and McConnell B. J. 1995. Movements and diurnal behavior patterns in a Baltic Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Polar Biology 15: 593-595.
• Sjoberg M., McConnell B. J. and Fedak M. A. 1999. Haulout patterns of grey seals Halichoerus grypus in the Baltic Sea. Wildlife Biology 5: 37-47.
• Smith T. G. and Hammill M. O. 1981. Ecology of the ringed seal, Phoca hispida, in its fast ice breeding habitat. Canadian Journal of Zoology 59: 966-981.
• Stewart B. S., Petrov E. A., Baranov E. A., Timonin A. and Ivanov M. 1996. Seasonal movements and dive patterns of juvenile Baikal seals, Phoca sibirica. Marine Mammal Science 12: 528-542.
• Teilmann J., Born E. W. and Acquarone M. 1999. Behaviour of ringed seals tagged with satellite transmitters in the North Water polynya during fast-ice formation. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77: 1934-1946.
• Thompson D., Hammond P. S., Nicholas K. S. and Fedak M. A. 1991a. Movements, diving and foraging behaviour of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Journal of Zoology, London 224: 223-232.
• Thompson D., Pierce G. J., Hislop J. R. G., Miller D. and Diak J. S. W. 1991b. Winter foraging by common seals (Phoca vitulina) in relation to food availability in the inner Moray Firth N.E. Scotland. Journal of Animal Ecology 60: 283-294.