The Baltic Sea - an example of how to protect marine coastal ecosystems

• Autorzy: Nehring D.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The Baltic Sea covers an area of 415 000 km2. A typical brackish sea, it is very sensitive to anthropogenic activities. Inorganic nutrients, trace metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons and crude oil products are contaminants studied in the Baltic Monitoring Programme of HELCOM. The data collected by the riparian countries forms the basis for the periodic assessments of the state of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea Area produced by HELCOM every five years. Since 1992 marine nature conservation has been part of the HELCOM convention. According to the third status report issued in 1996, it was the first time that HELCOM could strike a positive balance with regard to the decreasing environmental load. This is also reflected in lower concentrations of harmful substances in fish, marine mammals and seabirds in the Baltic Sea Area. The reasons for this progress are the protective actions initiated by HELCOM and the economic collapse in some of the former East Bloc countries, the latter resulting in an abrupt fall in industrial and agricultural production. Although the restoration of the Baltic ecosystem has only just begun, the protective measures introduced to achieve this aim can serve as an example of how to solve similar problems in other semi-enclosed basins and shelf seas.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

marine environment; crude oil; inorganic nutrient; environment; trace metal; ecosystem protection; contamination; chlorinated hydrocarbon; HELCOM Baltic Monitoring Programme; Baltic Sea; eutrophication

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Oceanologia
• Rocznik: 2001
• Tom: 43
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.5-22,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Nehring D.

• Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemunde, Seestrasse 15, 18112 Rostock, Germany

Bibliografia

• Bachor A., v. Weber M., Wiemer R., 1996, Die Entwicklung der Wasserbeschaffenheit der K¨ustengew¨asser Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns, Wasser und Boden, 48, 26–32.
• Cedervall H., Elmgren R., 1980, Biomass increase of benthic macrofauna demonstrates eutrophication of the Baltic Sea, Ophelia, Suppl. 1, 287–304.
• Dannenberger D., Lerz A., 1995, The distribution of selected chlorinated microcontaminants in Baltic waters, Dt. Hydrogr. Z., 47, 301–311.
• Enkel S., 1986, cit. by Anonymous, 1995, Where does the oil come from?, WWF Baltic Bull., 8, 9 pp.
• FAO, 1952–1993, FAO yearbook. Fertilizer, FAO Statistic Ser.
• Gaul H., 1992, Temporal and spatial trends of micropollutants in the sea water of the Baltic Sea, ICES Mar. Sci. Symp., 195, 110–126.
• Gosselck F., 1985, Untersuchungen am Macrozoobenthos des Arkonabechens (südliche Ostsee), Fisch.-Forsch., 23, 28–32.
• HELCOM, 1990, Second periodic assessment of the state of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea, 1984–1988; Background document, Baltic Sea Environm. Proc., Helsinki Commiss., Helsinki, 35 (B), 428 pp.
• HELCOM, 1993, The joint comprehensive environmental action programme, Baltic Sea Environm. Proc., Helsinki Commiss., Helsinki, 49, 58 pp.
• HELCOM, 1994, Recommendations 15/1 and 15/5, Baltic Sea Environm. Proc., Helsinki Commiss., Helsinki, 55, 29–31, 41–47.
• HELCOM, 1996a, Third periodic assessment of the state of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea, 1989–1993; Background document, Baltic Sea Environm. Proc., Helsinki Commiss., Helsinki, 64 (B), 252 pp.
• HELCOM, 1996b, Protection of the Baltic Sea – results and experiences, Rep.Baltic Mar. Environm. Prot. Commiss., Helsinki Commiss., Helsinki, 32 pp.
• HELCOM, 1997, Report of the Programme Implementation Task Force (PITF), HELCOM News, 3, 7 pp.
• Lakaschus S., 1996, Time series of atmospheric trace metal concentrations over the southwestern Baltic Sea, Poster, Baltic Mar. Sci. Conf., 22–26 October, Rønne (Denmark).
• Matthäus W., Nausch G., Lass H.-U., Nagel K., Siegel H., 1999, The Baltic Sea in 1998 – characteristic features of the current stagnation period, nutrient conditions in the surface layer and exceptionally high deep water temperatures, Dt. Hydrogr. Z., 51, 67–84.
• Matth¨aus W., Nausch G., Lass H.-U., Nagel K., Siegel H., 2000, Hydrographisch-chemische Zustandseinsch¨atzung der Ostsee 1999, Meeresw. Ber., 39, 73 pp.
• Nehring D., Matth¨aus W., 1991–92, Die hydrogaphisch-chemischen Bedingungen in der westlichen und zentralen Ostsee im Jahre 1991, Dt. Hydrogr. Z., 44, 217–238.
• Nehring D., Matth¨aus W., Lass H.-U., Nausch G., Nagel K., 1995a, Hydrographisch-chemische Zustandseinsch¨atzung der Ostsee 1994, Meeresw. Ber., Warnemunde, 9, 1–71.
• Nehring D., Matth¨aus W., Lass H.-U., Nausch G., Nagel K., 1995b, The Baltic Sea in 1995 – beginning of a new stagnation period in its central deep waters and decreasing nutrient load in its surface layer, Dt. Hydrogr. Z., 47, 319–327.
• Nehring D., Ærtebjerg G., 1996, Verteilungsmuster und Bilanzen anorganischer N¨ahrstoffe sowie Eutrophierung, [in:] Warnsignale aus der Ostsee, J. L. Loz´an et al. (eds.), Parey, Berlin, 61–68.
• Nordheim v. H., 1997, Zur Situation des Meeres- und Naturschutzes im Ostseegebiet, Meer und Museum, 13, 118–122.
• Schneider B., 1995, Bilanzen und Kreisl¨aufe von Spurenmetallen in der Ostsee, Geowiss., 13, 464–469.
• Strohmeier A., 1996, Neuartige Abwasserreinigungstechnik der Stadt Rostock durch kombinierten Einsatz von Belebungs- und Biofiltrationsverfahren, Symp.: Abwasserreinigung im Bereich der Ostseek¨uste von Mecklenburg–Vorpommern, Rostock, 10 September 1996, Meeting Vol. 53–56.
• Theobald N., 1996, Chemische Kampfstoffmunition in der Ostsee, Wasser und Boden, 48, 16–20.
• Witt G., 1995, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediment of the Baltic Sea, Mar. Poll. Bull., 31, 442–447.
• Wulff F., Stigebrand A., Rahm L., 1990, Nutrient dynamics in the Baltic Sea, AMBIO, 19, 126–133.