Biochemistry of magnesium

• Autorzy: Pasternak K , Kocot J. , Horecka A.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Biochemia magnezu

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Magnesium is essential for biochemical functions of cells. Since Mg2+ has a relatively low ionic radius in proportion to the size of the nucleus (0.86 versus 1.14 f A for Ca2+), it shows exceptional biochemical activity. Due to its physicochemical properties, intracellular magnesium can bind to the nucleus, ribosomes, cell membranes or macromolecules occurring in the cell’s cytosol. It is indispensable for the nucleus to function as a whole and for the maintenance of physical stability as well as aggregation of rybosomes into polysomes able to initiate protein synthesis. Mg2+ can also act as a cofactor for ribonucleic acid enzymes (ribozymes) capable of specifically recognizing and cleaving the target mRNA. As an essential cofactor in NER, BER, MMR processes, Mg2+ is required for the removal of DNA damage. An activator of over 300 different enzymes, magnesium participates in many metabolic processes, such as glycolysis, Krebs cycle, β-oxidation or ion transport across cell membranes. Mg2+ plays a key role in the regulation of functions of mitochondria, including the control of their volume, composition of ions and ATP production.

PL

Magnez jest składnikiem niezbędnym dla zasadniczych funkcji biochemicznych komórki. Ponieważ Mg2+ ma relatywnie mały promień w stosunku do wymiarów jądra (0.86 i 1.14 A odpowiednio dla Mg2+ i Ca2+), wykazuje dużą aktywność biochemiczną. Dzięki właściwościom fizykochemicznym śródkomórkowy Mg2+ może wiązać się z jądrem komórkowym, rybosomami, błonami komórkowymi oraz makromolekułami cytosolu komórki. Magnez jest niezbędny dla funkcjonowania jądra komórkowego jako całości oraz utrzymania fizycznej stabilności i agregacji rybosomów do polisomów zdolnych do biosyntezy białka. Odgrywa on również rolą kofaktora katalitycznych cząsteczek RNA (rybozymów), odpowiedzialnych za specyficzne rozpoznawanie i fragmentację docelowego mRNA. Jako kofaktor w procesach: NER, BER, MMR, przyczynia się do usuwania uszkodzeń DNA. Magnez, będąc aktywatorem ponad 300 różnych enzymów, uczestniczy w przebiegu wielu szlaków metabolicznych, takich jak glikoliza, cykl Krebsa, β-oksydacja czy transport jonów poprzez błony komórkowe. Odgrywa on ponadto bardzo ważną rolę w regulowaniu funkcji mitochondriów, łącznie z regulacją ich wielkości, kompozycją jonów, a także bioenergetyką i regulacją produkcji ATP.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

magnesium; DNA repair process; enzyme; metabolic cycle; cellular respiration; calcium ion; ion transport; potassium ion; biochemistry

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Journal of Elementology
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: 15
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.601-616,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Pasternak K

• Medical University in Lublin, Staszica 4, 20-081 Lublin, Poland

autor

Kocot J.

autor

Horecka A.

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