Nebraskophis Holman from the Late Eocene of Georgia [USA], the oldest known North American colubrid snake

• Autorzy: Parmley D , Holman J.A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

An extinct colubrid snake of the genus Nebraskophis is reported on the basis of a trunk vertebra from the Late Eocene (36.0-34.2 Ma) of central Georgia, USA. The fossil represents the oldest record of the family Colubridae in North America, and is equivalent to, or slightly older in age than the previously oldest known colubrid remains from the Late Eocene of Thailand. The age and remarkable similarity of the fossil to living colubrid vertebrae suggest that the origin of colubrid snakes considerably predates the Late Eocene. The presence of Nebraskophis in Georgia supports the hypothesis of an early Cenozoic biogeographic connection between the Great Plains and southeastern region of the United States for at least some early colubrids. The genus probably evolved autochthonously on the continent rather than arriving as a Eurasian immigrant.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Late Eocene; Georgia; Nebraskophis; colubrid snake; Eocene; USA; snake; North America

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia
• Rocznik: 2003
• Tom: 46
• Numer: 1
• Opis fizyczny: p.1-8,fig.

Twórcy

autor

Parmley D

• Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, Georgia 31061, USA

autor

Holman J.A.

Bibliografia

• BENAMMI M., CHAIMANEE Y., JAEGER J. J., SUTEETHRON V., DUCROCQ S. 2001. Eocene Krabi Basin (Southern Thailand). Paleontology and Magnetostratigraphy. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 113: 265-273.
• BERGGREN W. A., KENT D.V., SWISHER C. C., AUBRY M-P. 1995. A Revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy, pp. 129-212 [In:] W. A. BERGGREN, D. V. KENT, J. HARDENBOL (eds) – Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation. SEPM Special Publication, 54.
• BYBELL L. M. 2001. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of Cenozoic sediments from the Millhaven core, Screven County, Georgia. [In:] L. E. EDWARDS (ed.) – Geology and Paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke Counties, Eastern Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1603, p. F1-F13, pl 1.
• BYBELL L. M., CONLON K. J., EDWARDS L. E., FREDERIKSEN N. O., GOHN G. S., SELF-TRAIL J. M.1998. Biostratigraphy and physical stratigraphy of the USGS-Cannon Park Core (CHN-800), Charleston County, South Carolina. U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report, 98-246, 63 pp.
• DOCKERY D., III. 1996. Toward a revision of the generalized stratigraphic column of Mississippi. Mississippi Geology, 17: 1-9.
• EDWARDS L. E. 2001. Dinocyst biostratigraphy of Tertiary sediments from five cores from Screven and Durke Counties, Eastern Georgia; pp. G1-G25. [In:] L. E. EDWARDS (ed.) – Geology and Paleontology of five cores from Screven and Burke Counties, Eastern Georgia. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1603.
• GLAWE L. N. 1974. Upper Eocene and Oligocene Pectinidae of Georgia and their stratigraphic significance. Georgia Geology Survey Information Circular, 46.
• HOLMAN J. A. 1981. A review of North American Pleistocene snakes. Michigan State University Publications of the Museum, Paleontological Series, 1: 261-306.
• HOLMAN J. A. 1984. Texasophis galbreathi, new species, the earliest New World colubrid snake. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 3: 223-225.
• HOLMAN J. A. 1995. Pleistocene Amphibians and Reptiles in North America. Oxford University Press, New York, 243 pp.
• HOLMAN J. A. 1999. Early Oligocene (Whitneyan) snakes from Florida (USA), the second oldest colubrid snakes in North America. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 42: 447-454.
• HOLMAN J. A 2000. The Fossil Snakes of North America. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana, 357 pp.
• HOLMAN J. A, HARRISON D. L. 2001. Early Oligocene (Whitneyan) snakes from Florida (USA): remaining boids, indeterminate colubroids, summary and discussion of the I-75 Local Fauna snakes. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 44: 25-36.
• HUDDLESTUN P. 1993. A revision of the lithostratigraphic units of the coastal plain of Georgia: the Oligocene. Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin, 105: 1-152.
• HUDDLESTUN P., HETRICK J. 1985. Upper Eocene stratigraphy of central and eastern Georgia. Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin, 95: 1-78.
• MADER B. J. 1998. Brontotheriidae; pp. 525-536. [In:] C. M. JANIS, K. M. SCOTT, L. L. JACOBS (eds) – Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume I. Cambridge University Press, N.Y.
• PARMLEY D., CASE. G. R. 1988. Palaeopheid snakes from the gulf coastal region of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 8: 334-339.
• PARMLEY D., HOLMAN J. A. 1995. Hemphillian (late Miocene) snakes from Nebraska, with comments on Arikareean through Blancan snakes of midcontinental North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15: 79-95.
• RAGE J. C. 1974. Les serpents des Phosphorites du Quercy. Palaeovertebrata, Montpellier, 6: 274-303.
• RAGE J. C. 1982. L’histoire des serpents. Pour Science, 54: 16-27.
• RAGE J. C. 1987. Fossil History; pp. 51-76. [In:] R. A. SEIGEL, J. T. COLLINS, S. S. NOVAK (eds) – Snakes: ecology and evolutionary biology. McMillian, New York.
• RAGE J. C. 1988. The oldest known colubrid snakes. The state of the art. Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 31: 457-474.
• RAGE J. C., BUFFETAUT E., BUFFETAUT-TONG H., CHAIMANEE Y., DUCROCQ S., JAEGER J. J., SUTEETHORN V. 1992. A colubrid snake in the late Eocene of Thailand: the oldest known Colubridae (Reptilia, Serpentes). Comptes-rendus de L’Academie des Sciences, Paris, 314: 1085-1089.
• RAGE J. C., HOLMAN J. A. 1984. Des serpents (Reptilia, Squamata) de type Nord-Americain dans le Miocene Francais. Evolution parallele ou dispersion? Geobios, 17: 89-104.
• RAGE J. C.,WERNER C. 1999. Mid-Cretaceous (Cenomanian) snakes from Wadi Abu Hashim, Sudan: the earliest snake assemblage. Paleontologia africana, 35: 85-110.
• THOMAS H., ROGER J., SEN S., DEJAX J., SCHULER M., AL-SULAIMANI Z., BOURDILLON DE GRISSAC C., BRETON G., BROIN F. DE, CAMOIN G., CAPPETTA H., CARRIOL R. P., CAVELIER C., CHAIX C., CROCHET J. Y., FARJANEL G., GAYET M., GHEERBRANT E., LAURIAT-RAGE A., NOËL D., PICKFORD M., POIGNANT A. F., RAGE J. C., ROMAN J., ROUCHY J. M., SECRÉTAN S., SIGÉ B., TASSY P., WENZ S. 1991. Essai de reconstitution des milieux de sédimentation et de vie des primates anthropoïdes de l’Oligocène de Taqah (Dhofar, Sultanat d’Oman). Bulletin de la Sociètè de France, 162: 713-724.
• WESTGATE J. W. 2001. Paleoecology and biostratigraphy of marginal marine Gulf Coast Eocene vertebrate localities; pp. 263-297. [In:] G. GUNNELL, J. ALEXANDER (eds) – Eocene Biodiversity: Unusual occurrences and rarely sampled habitats. Plenum Press, N.Y.
• WHISTLER D. P., WRIGHT J. W. 1989. A Late Miocene rear-fanged colubrid snake from California with comments on the phylogeny of North American snakes. Herpetologica, 45: 350-367.