Contemporary changes of climate in Poland: trends and variation in thermal and solar condition related to plant vegetation

• Autorzy: Kozuchowski K , Degirmendzic J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Presented paper analyses climate trends in Poland in the second half of the 20th century. Measurements of climate elements were obtained from 5 meteorological stations evenly distributed over Poland (Szczecin 53°24’N–14°37’E, Wrocław 51°08’N–16°59’E, Łódź 51°44’N–19°24’E, Suwałki 54°08’N–22°57’E, Przemyśl 49°48’N–22°46’E). The variability of several indices conditioning the growth of plant vegetation was determined. Increase in the air temperature in the first three quartiles of the calendar year was detected. During November– December period the opposite tendencies were noted, however not statistically significant. The length of winter period shortened considerably, especially in western Poland. The warming caused substantial rise in potential evapotranspiration, the largest in April, May and August. Summer period has extended during the last five decades. Cumulative temperatures, calculated with respect to the 10°C threshold, also revealed an upward tendency. Sunshine duration totals increased – the highest increase was observed in the western Poland in May–June season. The length of vegetation season (> 5°C) did not change significantly during the 50-year period. There was only a slight tendency towards the earlier occurrence of both beginning and ending date of this season. The climate transformation in Poland, related undoubtedly to global warming, indicates possible intensification of vegetation growth due to more favourable solar and thermal conditions.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

solar condition; vegetation season; Poland; thermal season; plant vegetation; evapotranspiration; water balance; climate change

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Ecology
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: 53
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.283-297,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Kozuchowski K

• University of Lodz, Narutowicza 88, 90-139 Lodz, Poland

autor

Degirmendzic J.

Bibliografia

• Alexandersson H. 1986 – A homogenity test applied to precipitation data – J. Climatol. 6: 661–675.
• Annual Bulletin on the Climate in WMO Region VI – Europe and Middle East 1999 – WMO, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hamburg, 54 pp.
• Chmielewski F. M., Rötzer Th. 2000 – Phenological trends in Europe in relation to climatic changes – Agrarmeteorologische Schriften, 7: 1–15.
• Degirmendžić J., Kożuchowski K., Żmudzka E. 2004 – Changes of air temperature and precipitation in Poland in the period 1951–2000 and their relationship to atmospheric circulation – Int. J. Climatol. 24: 291–310.
• Domonkos P., Piotrowicz K. 1998 – Winter temperature characteristics in Central Europe – Int. J. Climatol. 18: 1405–1417.
• Domonkos P. 2003 – Recent precipitation trends in Hungary in the context of larger scale climatic changes – Natural Hazards, 29: 255–271.
• Doroszewski A., Górski T. 1995 – Prosty wskaźnik ewapotranspiracji potencjalnej [Simple index of the potential evapotranspiration] – Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu, 3–8. (in Polish, English summary).
• Fortuniak K., Kożuchowski K., Papiernik Ż. 1998 – Roczny rytm termiczny klimatu Polski i jego sezonowe osobliwości [Annual thermal cycle of climate in Poland and its seasonal pecularities] – Przegląd Geofizyczny, 43: 283–304. (in Polish, English summary).
• Glickman T. S. (Ed.) 2000 – Glossary of Meteorology, 2nd edition, American Meteorological Society, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• Huculak W., Makowiec M. 1977 – Wyznaczanie meteorologicznego okresu wegetacyjnego na podstawie jednorocznych materiałów obserwacyjnych [On determining the meteorological vegetation period on the basis of single-year observation data] – Zeszyty Naukowe Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego Akademii Rolniczej, Leśnictwo, 25: 65–74. (in Polish).
• Justice C. O., Townshend J. R. G., Holben B. N., Tucker C. J. 1985 – Analysis of the phenology of global vegetation using meteorological satellite data – Int. J. Remote Sens. 6: 1271–1318.
• Kożuchowski K., Degirmendžić J., Fortuniak K., Wibig J. 1999 – Tendencje zmian sezonowych aspektów klimatu w Polsce [Tendencies to changes in seasonal aspects of climate in Poland] (In: Zmiany i zmienność klimatu Polski. Ich wpływ na gospodarkę, ekosystemy i człowieka [Changes and variability of climate in Poland. Their impact on the economy, ecosystems and human]) – IMGW Publisher, pp. 107–122. (in Polish, English summary).
• Kożuchowski K. (Ed.) 2000 – Pory roku w Polsce – sezonowe zmiany w środowisku a wieloletnie tendencje klimatyczne [Seasons in Poland – seasonal changes in the environment versus long–term climatic tendencies] – IMGW Publisher, 147 pp. (in Polish).
• Kożuchowski K. 2004 – Zmienność opadów atmosferycznych w Polsce w XX i XXI wieku [Variations of the atmospheric precipitation in Poland in the 20th and 21st century] (In: Skala, uwarunkowania i perspektywy współczesnych zmian klimatycznych w Polsce [Scale, conditioning and perspectives of contemporary climate changes in Poland] Ed. K. Kożuchowski) – Biblioteka Publisher, pp. 47–57. (in Polish, English summary).
• Kożuchowski K., Żmudzka E. 2001a – Ocieplenie w Polsce: skala i rozkład sezonowy zmian temperatury powietrza w drugiej połowie XX wieku [Warming in Poland: scale and seasonal pattern of changes in the air temperature during the second half of the 20th century] – Przegląd Geofizyczny, 46: 81–90. (in Polish, English summary).
• Kożuchowski K., Żmudzka E. 2001b – Assessment of relations between the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), frequency of forest fires, air temperature, sunshine, precipitation in Poland – Geographia Polonica, 74: 29–40.
• Kundzewicz Z., Graczyk D., Pińskwar I., Radziejewski M., Szwed M., Bärring L., Giannakopoulos Ch., Holt T., Palutikof J., Leckebush G. C., Ulbrich U., Schwarb M. 2004 – Changes in the occurrence of extremes. Part I: Climatic background – Papers on Global Change, 11: 9–20.
• Kysely J. 2002 – Temporal fluctuations in heat waves at Prague–Klementinum, the Czech Republic, from 1901–97 and their relationships to atmospheric circulation – Int. J. Climatol. 22: 33–50.
• Menzel A. 2000 – Trends in phenological phases in Europe between 1951 and 1996 – Int. J. Biometeorol. 44: 76–81.
• Menzel A., Jakobi G., Ahas R., Scheifinger H., Estrella N. 2003 – Variations of the climatological growing season (1951–2000) in Germany compared with other countries – Int. J. Climatol. 23: 793–812.
• Niedźwiedź T., Twardosz R. 2004 – Long–term variability of precipitation at selected stations in Central Europe – Papers on Global Change IGBP 11: 73–100.
• Scheifinger H., Menzel A., Koch E., Peter Ch., Ahas R. 2002 – Atmospheric mechanisms governing the spatial and temporal variability of phenological phases in central Europe – Int. J. Climatol. 22: 1739–1755.
• Schmith T. 2001 – Global warming signature in observed winter precipitation in Northwestern Europe? – Climate Research, 17: 263–274.
• Tomaszewska T., Rutkowski Z. 1999 – Fenologiczne pory roku i ich zmienność w wieloleciu 1951–1990 [Phenological seasons and their variations in the period 1951–1990] – Materiały Badawcze IMGW, ser. Meteorologia, 28, 39 pp. (in Polish).
• Trojan P. 1977 – Ekologia ogólna [General ecology] – PWN – Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa, 419 pp. (in Polish)
• Trojan P. 1985 – Bioklimatologia ekologiczna [Ecological bioclimatology] – PWN – Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa, 255 pp. (in Polish).
• Tucker J., Slayback D., Pinzon J., Los S., Myneni R., Taylor M. 2001 – Higher northern latitude normalized difference vegetation index and growing season trends from 1982 to 1999 – Int. J. Biometeorol. 45: 184–190.
• World Climate News 2004, 25, WMO Geneva, 12 pp.
• Żmudzka E. 2002 – Zmienność opadów atmosferycznych na obszarze Polski nizinnej w drugiej połowie XX wieku [On a variability of atmospheric precipitation over Polish lowlands in the second half of the 20th century] – Wiadomości IMGW, 25: 23–38. (in Polish).
• Żmudzka E. 2003a – The variability of the growing season in Warsaw in the second half of the 20th century (In: Studies on the climate of Warsaw. Ed. M. Stopa-Boryczka) – Warsaw University, Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, pp. 61–72.
• Żmudzka E. 2003b – The circulation-related conditioning for the variability of the spring date of air temperature passage through the +5°C threshold in Poland – Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis, Studia Geograficzne, 75: 250–261.
• Żmudzka E. 2004 – Warunki termiczne i opadowe produkcji roślinnej w Polsce w latach 1951–2000 [Thermal and pluvial conditions determining biomass production in Poland in the period 1951–2000] (In: Klimat–środowisko–człowiek [Climate–environment–human]) – Polski Klub Ekologiczny, Okręg Dolnośląski, Wrocław, pp. 51–61. (in Polish).
• Żmudzka E., Dobrowolska M. 2001 – Zmienność termicznego okresu wegetacyjnego w Polsce w drugiej połowie XX wieku [Variability of thermal vegetation period in Poland during the second half of the 20th century] – Prace i Studia Geograficzne Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 29: 127–136. (in Polish).