PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Czasopismo

2006 | 65 | 2 |

Tytuł artykułu

The length of the humerus in human embryos at developmental stages 18-23

Autorzy

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
The length of the humerus was measured in 69 staged human embryos at developmental stages 18–23 (7 and 8 weeks). It was found that the length of the humerus increases from 2.0 mm at stage 18 to 5.4 mm at stage 23. There were slight variations at certain of the stages investigated. Asymmetry between limb lengths was not found during the embryonic period under examination.

Wydawca

-

Czasopismo

Rocznik

Tom

65

Numer

2

Opis fizyczny

p.136-139,ref.

Twórcy

autor
  • University School of Medical Science, Swiecickiego 6, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
autor

Bibliografia

  • 1. Bagnal KM, Harris PF, Jones PRM (1982) A radiographic study of the longitudinal growth of primary ossification centers in limb long bones of the human fetus. Anat Rec, 203: 293–299.
  • 2. Brandfass R, Howhand W (1967) Determination of fetal weight by long-bone measurements. Obstet Gynecol, 29: 230–234.
  • 3. Capdevila J, Izpisura-Belmonte JC (2001) Patterning mechanisms controlling vertebrate limb development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 17: 87–132.
  • 4. Capecchi MR (1997) Hox genes and mammalian development. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol, 62: 273– 281.
  • 5. Davis AP,Capecchi MR (1994) Axial homeosis and appendicular skeleton defects in mice with targeted disruption of Hox-11. Development, 120: 2187–2198.
  • 6. Davis AP, Capecchi MR (1996) A mutational analysis of the 5’HoxD genes: Disconnection of genetic interactions during limb development in the mouse. Development, 122: 1175–1186.
  • 7. Davis AP, Witte DP, Hsieh-Li HM, Potter SS, Capecchi MR (1995) Absence of radius and ulna in mice lacking Hoxa-11 and Hoxd-11. Nature, 375: 791–794.
  • 8. Favier B, LeMeur M, Chambon P, Dolle P (1995) Axial skeletal homeosis and forelimb malformations in Hoxd-11 mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 92: 310–313.
  • 9. Fernandez-Teran M, Piedra ME, Rodriquez JC, Talamillo A, Ros MA (2003) Expression and regulation of eHAND during limb development. Dev Dyn, 226:690–701.
  • 10. Filly RA, Galbus MS, Carey JC (1981) Short-limbed dwarfism: Ultrasonic diagnosis by mensuration of fetal femoral length. Radiology, 138: 653–659.
  • 11. Filly RA, Galbus MS (1982) Ultrasonography of the normal and pathologic fetal skeleton. Radiol Clin North Amer, 20:311–323.
  • 12. Francis J C, Radtke F, Logan MPO (2005) Notch 1 signals through Jagged 2 to regulate apoptosis in the apical ectodermal ridge of the developing limb bud. Dev Dyn, 234: 1006–1015.
  • 13. Fromental-Ramain C, Warot X, Lakkarajn S, Favier B, Haack H, Birling C, Dierich A Dolle P, Chambon P (1996) Specific and redundant functions of the paralogous Hoxa-9 and Hoxd-9 genes in forelimb and axial skeleton patterning. Development, 122: 461–473.
  • 14. Gray D, Gardner E (1969) The prenatal development of the human humerus. Am J Anat, 124: 431–445.
  • 15. Jeanty P, Kirkpatrick C, Dramaix-Wilmet M, Struyven J (1981) Ultrasonic evaluation of fetal limb growth. Radiology, 140: 165–168.
  • 16. Johnson RL, Tabin CJ (1997) Molecular models for vertebrate limb development. Cell, 90: 979–990.
  • 17. Kelemen E, Janossa M, Calvo W, Fliedner TM (1984) Developmental age estimated by bone-length measurement in human fetuses. Anat Rec, 209: 547–552.
  • 18. Larsen WJ (1998) Essentials of human embryology. Churchill Livingstone, New York, Edinburgh, London, Madrid, Melbourne, San Francisco, Tokyo.
  • 19. Lewis WH (1902) The development of the arm in man. Am J Anat, 1: 145–184.
  • 20. Luo Y, Kostetskii J, Radice GL (2005) N-cadherin is not essential for limb mesenchymal chondrogenesis. Dev Dyn, 232: 336–344.
  • 21. Malinowski A, Młodziejewski B (1978) Development of long bones of lower limbs in human fetuses. Coll Anthropol, 2: 196–205.
  • 22. Martin GR (1998) The roles of FGFs in the early development of vertebrate limbs. Gen Dev, 12: 1517–1586.
  • 23. Michaud JL, Lapointe F, Le Douarin NM (1997) The dorsoventral polarity at presumptive limb is determined by signals produced by the somites and by the lateral somatopleure. Development, 124: 1453–1463.
  • 24. O’Brien GD, Queenan JT, Campbell S (1981) Assessment of gestational age in the second trimester by real-time ultrasound measurement of the femur length. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 139: 540–545.
  • 25. O’Brien GD, Queenan JT (1981) Growth of the ultrasound fetal femur length during normal pregnancy. Part I. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 141: 833–837.
  • 26. Olivier G (1962) Formation du squelette des members chez l’homme. Vigot Freres, Paris.
  • 27. O’Rahilly R (1962) The ossification of the skeleton of the limbs. Irish J Med Sci, 1: 78–81.
  • 28. O’Rahilly R, Gardner E, Gray DJ (1956) The ectodermal thickening and ridge in the limbs of staged human embryos. J Embryol Exp Morphol, 4: 254–264.
  • 29. O’Rahilly R, Gardner E (1975) The timing and sequence of events in the development of the limbs in the human embryos. Anat Embryol, 148: 1–23.
  • 30. O’Rahilly R, Müller F (2001) Human Embryology and Teratology. 3rd ed. Wiley-Liss, New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Singapore, Toronto.
  • 31. Queenan JT, O’Brien GD, Campbell S (1980) Ultrasound measurements of fetal limb bones. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 138: 297–302.
  • 32. Scammon RE (1930) The ponderal growth of the extremities of the human fetus. Am J Phys Anthropol, 15: 11–121.
  • 33. Seeds JW, Cefalo RC (1982) Relationship of fetal limb lengths to both biparietal diameter and gestational age. Obstet Gynecol, 60: 680–685.
  • 34. Zakany J, Duboule D (1996) Synpodactyly in mice with a targeted deficiency in the HoxD complex. Nature, 384: 69–71.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.agro-article-1c26e14d-f93c-49ce-b417-00ee1d59c6ad
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.