Evaluation of sound extinction and echo interference in densely aggregated zooplankton

• Autorzy: Gorska N.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The investigation of sound extinction and echo interference is important as regards the accurate assessment of the abundance of densely aggregated zooplankton. To study these effects, the analytical model describing sound backscattering by an aggregation of isotropic scatterers (Rytov et al. 1978, Sun & Gimenez 1992) has been extended to the case of densely aggregated elongated zooplankton. The evaluation of the effects in the case of a dense krill aggregation demonstrates that they can be significant and should be taken into account.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

fish; zooplankton; aggregation; hydroacoustic measurement; extinction; echo interference; krill; evaluation

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Oceanologia
• Rocznik: 2000
• Tom: 42
• Numer: 3
• Opis fizyczny: p.315-334,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Gorska N.

• Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland

Bibliografia

• Andreeva I.B., Belousov A.V., L’vovskaya G. F., Tarasov L.L., 1994, Acoustical properties of dense oceanic pelagian clusters, Acoust. Phys., 40, 5–12.
• Andreeva I.B., Belousov A.V., 1996, Multiple sound scattering by densely packed shoals of marine animals, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 53, 323–327.
• Chu D., Foote K.G., Stanton T.K., 1993, Further analysis of target strength of Antarctic krill at 38 and 120kH z: comparison with deformed cylinder model and inference of orientation distribution, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 93, 2985–2988.
• Chu D., Ye Z., 1999, A Phase–compensated DWBA representation of the bistatic scattering. Weakly scattering objects: application to zooplankton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 106 (1), 1732–1743.
• Endo Y., 1993, Orientation of Antarctic krill in an aquarium, Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 59, 465–468.
• Feuillade C., Nero R.W., Love R.H., 1996, A low-frequency acoustic scattering model for small schools of fish, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 99, 196–208.
• Foote K.G., 1978, Analysis of empirical observations on the scattering of sound by encaged aggregations of fish, Fiskeridir. Skr. Ser. Havunders., 16, 422–455.
• Foote K.G., 1990a, Correcting acoustic measurements of scatterer density for extinction, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 88, 1543–1546.
• Foote K.G., 1983, Linearity of fisheries acoustics, with addition theorems, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 73, 1932–1940.
• Foote K.G., 1990b, Speed of sound in Euphausia superba, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 87, 1405–1408.
• Foote K.G., Everson I., Watkins J. L., Bone D.G., 1990, Target strength of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) at 38 and 120kH z, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 87, 16–24.
• Gorska N., 1999, On sound extinction by zooplankton, Proc. 2nd EAA Int. Symp. Hydroacoust. Gdańsk–Jurata, Tech. Univ., Gdańsk, 45–50.
• Gorska N., 1997, Some aspects of krill acoustic sampling, Proc. 13th FASE Symp. Hydroacoust. Ultrason. Jurata, Tech. Univ.–Naval Acad., Gdańsk–Gdynia, 27–30.
• Gorska N., 1996, The role of the interference effects of waves scattered at individual targets in the plankton echosounding, Proc. Europ. Conf. Underwater Acoust. Iraklion, Found. Res. Technol. – HELLAS, Inst. Appl., Comput. Mat., Heraklion, 105–110.
• Green C.H., Wiebe P.H., Burczyński J., Youngbluth M. J., 1988, Acoustical detection of high-density demersal krill layers in the submarine canyons off Georges Bank, Science, 241, 359–361.
• Greenlaw C. F., 1979, Acoustic estimation of zooplankton populations, Limnol. Oceanogr., 24, 226–242.
• Greenlaw C.F., 1977, Backscattering spectra of preserved zooplankton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 62, 44–52.
• Hewitt R.P., Demer D.A., 1996, Management of the Antarctic krill resource: the role of acoustic sampling, Proc. Workshop Mar. Bio-Acoust. Techniq. Their Appl., Nat. Inst. Oceanogr. Dona Paula, Goa, 32–35.
• Holiday D.V., Pieper R.E., 1990, Volume scattering strength and zooplankton distributions at acoustic frequencies between 0.5 and 3 MHz, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 67, 135–146.
• Ishimaru A., 1978, Wave propagation and scattering in random media 1. Single scattering and transport theory, Chap. 1, Academic Press, New York, 14–15.
• Kils U., 1979, Preliminary data on volume, density and cross-section area of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, Meeresforschung, 27, 207–209.
• Kils U., 1982, Swimming behaviour, swimming performance and energy balance of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba, BIOMASS Sci. Ser., 3, 1–122.
• Kogeler J.W., Falk-Petersen S., Kristensen A., Pettersen F., Dalen J., 1987, Density and sound speed contrasts in Sub-Arctic zooplankton, Polar Biol., 7, 231–235.
• Kristensen A., Dalen J., 1986, Acoustic estimation of size distribution and abundance of zooplankton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 80, 601–611.
• Loeb V. J., Amos A. F., Macaulay M.C., Wormuth J.H., 1993, Antarctic krill stock distribution and composition in the Elephant Island and King George Island areas, January–February, 1988, Polar Biol., 13, 171–181.
• Macaulay M.C., 1994, A generalised target strength model for euphausiids with application to other zooplankton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 95, 2452–2466.
• Medwin H., Clay C. S., 1998, Fundamentals of acoustical oceanography, Academic Press, Boston–San Diego–New York–London–Sydney–Tokyo–Toronto, 712 pp.
• Miyashita K., Aoki I., Inagaki T., 1996, Swimming behaviour and target strength of isada krill (Euphausia pacifica), ICES J. Mar. Sci., 53, 303–308.
• Morse P.M., Ingard K.U., 1968, Theoretical acoustics, McGraw–Hill Book Comp., New York–St. Louis–San Francisco–Toronto–London–Sydney, 927 pp.
• Pieper R. E., Holiday D.V., 1984, Acoustic measurements of zooplankton distributions in the sea, J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer., 41, 226–238.
• Rottingen I., 1976, On the relation between echo intensity and fish density, Fiskeridir. Skr. Ser. Havunders., 16, 301–314.
• Rytov S.M., Kravtsov J.A., Tatarskiy V. I., 1978, Introduction to statistical radiophysics. Part II. Random fields, Nauka, Moskva, 463 pp., (in Russian).
• Sameoto D.D., 1976, Distribution of sound scattering layers caused by euphausiids and their relationship to chlorophyll a concentration in the Gulf of St. Lawrence Estuary, J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 33, 681–687.
• Sameoto D.D., 1980, Quantitative measurements of euphausiids using a 120kH z sounder and their ‘in situ’ orientation, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 37, 693–701.
• Sameoto D.D., Jaroszyński L.O., Fraser W. B., 1977, A multiple opening and closing plankton sampler based on the MOCNESS and N. I.O. nets, J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 34, 1230–1235.
• Stanton T.K., 1984, Effects of second-order scattering on high resolution sonars, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 76, 861–866.
• Stanton T.K., 1983, Multiple scattering with application to fish – echo processing, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 73, 1164–1169.
• Stanton T.K., 1989, Sound scattering by a cylinder of finite length. III. Deformed cylinders, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 86, 691–705.
• Stanton T.K., Chu D., Wiebe P.H., 1998, Sound scattering by several zooplankton groups. Scattering models, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 103, 236–253.
• Stanton T.K., Chu D.,Wiebe P.H., Clay C. S., 1993, Average echoes from randomly oriented random-length finite cylinders: zooplankton models, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 94, 3436–3472.
• Sun Z., Gimenez G., 1992, Evaluation of the interference effect in the energy investigation of echoes scattered by an uncorrelated planar distribution of spherical targets, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 92, 3259–3270.
• Sun Z., Gimenez G., 1994, Influence of target composition on the relationship between echo energy and target quantity, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 96, 3080–3087.