Pads morphology in the Viverridae [Carnivora]

• Autorzy: Veron G.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A survey of the morphology of pads within the Viverridae has been related to locomotion, ecology, ethology and to other morphological features. Species with digiti­grade hind foot are lacking metatarsal pads, have an elongated pes, a short tail, and non retractile claws. They are terrestrial and their fur is spotted. Species with planti­grade hind foot, have broad and long metatarsal pads, which form a bare sole. They have retractile claws, a long tail, and fur with few markings or are one-coloured. They are arboreal and most of them are omnivorous or fruit-eaters. The genets and Poiana are intermediate forms because they have digitigrade feet, but possess long metatarsal pads, retractile claws, a long tail and spotted coat. However, some of them are close to the plantigrade state and have a plantigrade manus. The form of the pes of the genets is an adaptation for jumping. Prionodon is arboreal but have no metatarsal pads and is digitigrade. The ancestral condition is assumed to be plantigrady and arboreality and the presence of all the pads, which could be approach by some genets or Poiana, while the morphology of the foot of the Paradoxurinae, Nandinia and Cryptoprocta seems to be a secondary condition.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

ecology; pad; Carnivora; morphology; locomotion; Viverridae

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Theriologica
• Rocznik: 1999
• Tom: 44
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.363-376,fig.

Twórcy

autor

Veron G.

• Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 55, rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France

Bibliografia

• Albignac R. 1970, Notes ethologiques sur quelques carnivores malgaches: le Cryploprocta ferox (Bennett). Revue D'Ecologie: La Terre et la Vie 24: 395-402.
• Albignac R. 1973. Faune de Madagascar 36: Mamrniferes carnivores. Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer et Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris: 1-207,
• Albignac R. 1975. Breeding the fossa Cryptoprocta ferox at Montpellier Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 15: 147-150.
• Brown J. C. and Yalden D. W. 1973. The description of mammals-2 Limbs and locomotion of terrestrial mammals. Mammal Review 3: 107-134.
• Davis D. D. 1962. Mammals of the lowland rain-forest of North Borneo. Bulletin of Singapore National Museum 31: 1-129.
• Ewer R. F. 1973. The carnivores. Cornell University Press, Ithaca: 1-494.
• Flynn J. J. and Nedbal M. A. 1998. Phylogeny of the Carnivora (Mammalia): Congruence vs Incompatibility among Multiple Data Sets. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9: 414-426.
• Ginsburg L. 1961. Plantigradie et digitigradie chez les carnivores fissipedes. Mammalia 25: 1-21.
• Haltenorth T. and Diller H, 1980. A field guide to the mammals of Africa including Madagascar. Collins, London: 1- 400.
• Hildebrand M. 1982. Analysis of Vertebrate Structure. John Wiley and Sons, New York; 1-710.
• Hunt R. M. 1987. Evolution of the Aeluroid Carnivora: Significance of auditory structure in the Nimravid cat Dinictis. American Museum Novitates 2886: 1-74.
• Hunt R. M. 1989. Evolution of the Aeluroidea Carnivora: significance of the ventral promontorial process of the petrosal, and the origin of basicranial patterns in living families. American Museum Novitates 2930: 1-32.
• Hunt R. M. and Tedford R. H. 1993. Phylogenetic relationships within the aeluroid Carnivora and implications of their temporal and geographic distribution, fin: Mammal phylogeny: placentals, F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek and M. C. McKenna, eds]. Springer-Verlag, New-York: 53-73.
• Laborde C. 1986. Description de la locomotion arboricole de Cryptoprocta ferox (Carnivore Viverride malgache). Mammalia 50: 369-378.
• Lekagul B, and McNeely J. A. 1977. Mammals of Thailand. Association Conservation Wildlife, Bangkok: 1-758.
• McClearn D. 1992. Locomotion, posture, and feeding behavior of kinkajous, coatis, and racoons. Journal of Mammalogy 73: 245-261.
• Nowak R. M. 1991. Walker's mammals of the world. Volume 2. Fifth ed. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore: 1-1629.
• Ortolani A. and Caro T. M. 1996. The adaptative significance of color patterns in carnivores: Phylogenetic tests of classic hypotheses, iln: Carnivore behaviour, ecology, and evolution. J. L. Gittleman, ed]. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca: 132-188.
• Payne J., Francis C. M. and Phillips K. 1985. A field guide to the mammals of Borneo. Sabah Society and World Wild Found, Sabah: 1-332.
• Pocock R. I. 1915a. On some of the external characters of Cynogale bennetti, Gray. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History 15: 351-360.
• Pocock R. I. 1915b. On some of the external characters of the genus Linsang, with notes upon genera Poiana and Eupleres. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History 16: 341-351.
• Pocock R. I. 1915c. On the feet and glands and other external characters of the Viverrinae, with the description of a new genus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 10: 131-149.
• Pocock R. I. 1915d. On the feet and glands and other external characters of the Paradoxurinae genera Paradoxurus, Arctictis, Arctogalidia and Nandinia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 28: 387-412.
• Pocock R. 1. 1916. On some of the external characters of Cryptoprocta, The Annals and Magazine of Natural History 17: 413-425.Pocock R. I. 1933. The rarer genera of oriental Viuerridae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1933: 969-1035.
• Taylor M. E. 1970. Locomotion in some East African viverrids. Journal of Mammalogy 51: 42-51.
• Taylor M. E. 1988. Foot structure and phylogeny in the Viverridae (Carnivora). Journal of Zoology, London 216: 131-139.
• Taylor M. E. 1989, Locomotor adaptations by carnivores, fin: Carnivore behavior, ecology and evolution. J. L. Gittleman, edj. Chapman and Hall, London: 382-409.
• Van Valkenburgh B. 1987. Skeletal indicators of locomotor behavior in living and extinct carnivores. Journal of vertebrate Paleontology 7: 162-182.
• Veron G. 1994. Méthodes de recherche en biotaxonomie des mammifères carnivores. Confrontation des méthodes de pbylogénie traditionnelle et moléculaire dans la recherche de la position systématique de Cryploprocta ferox (Aeluroidea). Pb D thesis, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1-322.
• Veron G. 1995. La position systématique de Cryploprocta ferox (Carnivora). Analyse cladistique des caractères morphologiques de carnivores Aeluroidea actuels et fossiles. Mammalia 59: 551-582.
• Veron G. and Catzeflis F. M. 1993. Phylogenetic relationships of the endemic Malagasy carnivore Cryploprocta ferox (Aeluroidea): DNA/DNA hybridization experiments. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 1: 169-176.
• Walker E. P. 1968. Mammals of the world. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore: 647-1500.
• Wemmer C. 1977. Comparative ethology of the large-spotted genet (Gertetla tigrina) and some related viverrids, Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 239: 1-93,
• Wemmer C. and Murtaugh J. 1981. Copulatory behaviour and reproduction in the binturong, Arctictis binturong. Journal of Mammalogy 62: 342-352.
• Wemmer C. and Watling D. 1986. Ecology and status of the Sulawesi palm civet Macrogalidia musschenbroekii Schlegel. Biological Conservation 35: 1-17.
• Wemmer C., West J., Watling D,, Collins L. and Lang K. 1983, External characters of the Sulawesi palm civet, Macrogalidia musschenbroekii Schlegel, 1879. Journal of Mammalogy 64: 133-136.
• Wemmer C. and Wilson D. E. 1983. Structure and function of hair crests and capes in African Carnivora. Special Publication, The American Society of Mammatogists 7: 239-264.