Infestation of sand lizards [Lacerta agilis] resident in the Northeastern Poland by Ixodes ricinus [L.] ticks and their infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato

• Autorzy: Gryczynska-Siemiatkowska A , Siedlecka A. , Stanczak J. , Barkowska M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) were trapped and examined for ticks from May to September in 2002 and 2003 in Northeastern Poland. A total of 233 Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks (76 larvae and 157 nymphs) was found on 31 of 235 captured lizards (13.2%). The tick infestation is relatively low compared to that of mammals and passerine birds from the same area (Siński et al. 2006, Gryczyńska et al. 2002). Tick infestation depended on the month of capture, being the highest in spring. In autumn no ticks were recorded on any of the captured lizards. The oldest lizards carried the highest number of ticks but no differences related to sex of the host were found. All the collected ticks were analysed by PCR for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiological agents of Lyme disease. Spirochetes were detected in 11 out of 233 (4.7%) ticks tested. Genetic analysis confirmed that the spirochetes are members of the Borrelia afzelii, B. garinii and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto genospecies. Mixed infection were not detected. The prevalence of infection was analysed in relation to months of the capture, age and sex of the lizards, but differences were not statistically significant. The obtained results suggest that lizards are probably not B. burgdorferi reservoirs, but further studies are required to confirm this.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

infection; Poland; Lacerta agilis; Borrelia burgdorferi; lizard; Ixodes ricinus; sand lizard; infestation; tick

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Parasitologica
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: 52
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.165-170,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Gryczynska-Siemiatkowska A

• Warsaw University, 2 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Siedlecka A.

autor

Stanczak J.

autor

Barkowska M.

Bibliografia

• Bajer A., Behnke J.M., Pawełczyk A., Siński E. 1999. First evidence of Ehrlichia sp. in wild Microtus arvalis from Poland. Acta Parasitologica, 44, 204–205.
• Bauwens D., Strijbosch H., Stumpel A.H.P. 1983. The lizards Lacerta agilis and Lacerta vivipara as hots to larvae and nymphs of the tick Ixodes ricinus. Holarctic Ecology, 6, 32–40.
• Breitner-Ruddock S., Wurzner R., Schulze J., Brade V. 1997. Heterogeneity in the complement-dependent bacteriolysis within the species of Borrelia burgdorferi. Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 185, 253–260.
• Casher L., Lane R., Barrett R., Eisen L. 2002. Relative importance of lizards and mammals as hosts for ixodid ticks in northern California. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 26, 127–143.
• Clark K., Hendricks A., Burge D. 2005. Molecular identification and analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in lizards in the Southeastern United States. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71, 2616–2625.
• Davis J., Ford R.G. 1983. Home range in the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis). Copeia, 933–940.
• Dsouli N., Younsi-Kabachii H., Postic D., Nouira S., Gern L., Bouattour A. 2006. Reservoir role of lizard Psammodromus algirus in transmission cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Spirochaetaceae) in Tunisia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 43, 737–742.
• Dunlap K.D., Mathies T. 1993. Effects of nymphal ticks and their interaction with malaria on the physiology of male fence lizards. Copeia, 1045–1048.
• Eisen L., Eisen R.J. 1999. Abundance of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis, in relation to environmental factors. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 23, 731–740.
• Eisen R.J., Eisen L., Lane R.S. 2001. Prevalence and abundance of Ixodes pacificus immatures (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) in northern California: temporal trends and environmental correlates. Journal of Parasitology, 87, 1301–1307.
• Gern L., Estrada-Peňa A., Frandsen F., Gray J.S., Jaenson T.G.T., Jongejan F., Kahl O., Korenberg E., Mehl R., Nuttall P.A. 1998. European reservoir hosts of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, 287, 196–204.
• Gryczyńska A., Barkowska M., Siemiątkowski M. 2002. Analysis of Ixodes ricinus (L.) tick burdens in a resident passerine bird community in the Mazurian Lake region (Northeastern Poland). Acta Parasitologica, 47, 51–57.
• Gryczyńska A., Zgódka A., Płoski R., Siemiątkowki M. 2004. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in passerine birds from the Mazurian Lake region (Northeastern Poland). Avian Pathology, 33, 69–75.
• Herczek A., Gorczyca J. 1999. Płazy i gady Polski. Wydawnictwo Kubajak, Kraków.
• Hulinska D., Votypka J., Plch J., Vlcek E., Valesova M., Bojar M., Hulinsky V., Smetana K. 2002. Molecular and microscopical evidence of Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in patients, animals and ticks in the Czech Republic. New Microbiology, 25, 437–448.
• Humair P.F., Turrian N., Aeschlimann A., Gern L. 1993. Borrelia burgdorferi in a focus of Lyme borreliosis: epizootiologic contribution of small mammals. Folia Parasitologica, 40, 65–70.
• Juszczyk W. 1987. Płazy i gady krajowe. PWN, Warszawa.
• Karbowiak G. 2004. Zoonotic reservoir of Babesia microti in Poland. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 53, 61–65.
• Kollars T.M.Jr, Oliver J.H.Jr, Kollars P.G., Durden L.A. 1999. Seasonal activity and host associations of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in southeastern Missouri. Journal of Medical Entomology, 36, 720–726.
• Kolpy I. 1961. Obserwacje nad rozprzestrzenianiem i aktywnością Ixodes ricinus L. na terenie Pojezierza Warmińsko-Mazurskiego. Wiadomości Parazytologiczne, 7, 915–918.
• Kuo M.M., Lane R.S., Giclas P.C. 2000. A comparative study of mammalian and reptilian alternative pathway of complement-mediated killing of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi). Journal of Parasitology, 86, 1223–1228.
• Kurtenbach K., Peacey M., Rijpkema S.G.T., Hoodless A.N., Nuttall P.A., Randolph S.E. 1998a. Differential transmission of the genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by game birds and small rodents in England. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64, 1169–1174.
• Kurtenbach K., Sewell H., Ogden N.H., Randolph S.E., Nuttall P.A. 1998b. Serum complement sensitivity as a key factor in Lyme disease ecology. Infection and Immunity, 66, 1248–1251.
• Lane R.S. 1990. Susceptibility of the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) to the Lyme borreliosis spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi). American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 42, 75–82.
• Lane R.S., Loye J. 1989. Lyme disease in California: interrelationship of Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae), the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis), and Borrelia burgdorferi. Journal of Medical Entomology, 26, 272–278.
• Lane R.S., Mun J., Eisen L., Eisen R.J. 2006. Refractoriness of the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) to the Lyme disease group spirochete Borrelia bissettii. Journal of Parasitology, 92, 691–696.
• Lane R.S., Quistad G.B. 1998. Borreliacidal factor in the blood of the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis). Journal of Parasitology, 84, 29–34.
• Levin M., Levine J.F., Yang S., Howard P., Apperson C.S. 1996. Reservoir competence of the southeastern five-lined skink (Eumeces inexpectatus) and the green anole (Anolis carolinensis) for Borrelia burgdorferi. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 54, 92–97.
• Levin M.L., des Vignes F., Fish D. 1999. Disparity of the natural cycles of Borrelia burgdorferi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5, 204–208.
• Matuschka F.R., Fischer P., Heiler M., Richter D., Spielman A. 1992. Capacity of european animals as reservoir hosts for the Lyme disease spirochete. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 165, 479–483.
• Matuschka F.R., Fischer P., Musgrave K., Richter D., Spielman A. 1991. Hosts on which nymphal Ixodes ricinus most abundantly feed. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 44, 100–107.
• Matuschka F.R., Schinkel T.W., Klug B., Spielman A., Richter D. 2000. Relative incompetence of european rabbits for Lyme disease spirochaetes. Parasitology, 121, 297–302.
• Nilsson A. 1988. Seasonal occurrence of Ixodes ricinus (Acari) in vegetation and on small mammals in southern Sweden. Holarctic Ecology, 11, 161–165.
• Olsén B., Duffy D.C., Jaenson T.G.T., Gylfe A., Bonnedahl J., Bergström S. 1995. Transhemispheric exchange of Lyme disease spirochetes by seabirds. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 33, 3270–3274.
• Picken R.N. 1992. Polymerase chain reaction primers and probes derived from flagellin gene sequences for specific detection of the agents of Lyme disease and North American relapsing fever. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 30, 99–114.
• Prokopowicz D. 1995. Choroby przenoszone przez kleszcze. Wydawnictwo Fundacji Büchnera, Warszawa.
• Richter D., Matuschka F.R. 2006. Perpetuation of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia lusitaniae by lizards. Applied and Experimental Microbiology, 72, 4627–4632.
• Rijpkema S., Bruinink H. 1996. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by PCR in questing Ixodes ricinus larvae from the Dutch North Sea Island of Ameland. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 20, 381–385.
• Scali S., Manfredi M.T., Guidali F. 2001. Lacerta bilineata (Reptilia, Lacertidae) as a host of Ixodes ricinus (Acari, Ixodidae) in a protected area of northern Italy. Parassitologia, 43, 165–168.
• Siński E., Pawełczyk A. 1999. Detection of reservoirs for Lyme borreliosis in the Mazury Lakes District, Poland. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, 289, 698–703.
• Siński E., Pawełczyk A., Bajer A., Behnke J.M. 2006. A bundance of wild rodents, ticks and environmental risk of Lyme borreliosis: a longitudinal study in an area of Mazury Lakes District of Poland. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 13, 259–300.
• Siuda K. 1991. Kleszcze (Acari: Ixodida) Polski. Część I. Zagadnienia ogólne. PWN, Warszawa.
• Siuda K. 1993. Kleszcze Polski (Acari: Ixodida). Część II. Systematyka i rozmieszczenie. Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne, Warszawa.
• Stańczak J., Racewicz M., Kubica-Biernat B., Kruminis-Łozowska W., Dąbrowski J., Adamczyk A., Markowska M. 1999. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) in different Polish woodlands. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 6, 127–132.
• Stańczak J., Kubica-Biernat B., Racewicz M., Kruminis-Łozowska W., Kur J. 2000. Detection of three genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in different region of Poland. International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 290, 559–566.
• Stańczak J., Racewicz M., Kruminis-Łozowska W., Kubica-Biernat B. 2002. Coinfection of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in northern Poland with the agents of Lyme borreliosis (LB) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 291, 198–201.
• Stańczak J., Gabre R.M., Kruminis-Łozowska W., Racewicz M., Kubica-Biernat B. 2004. Ixodes ricinus as a vector of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti in urban and suburban forests. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 11, 109–114.
• Talleklint-Eisen L., Eisen R.J. 1999. Abundance of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) in relation to environmental factors. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 23, 731–740.
• Wright S.A., Lane R.S., Clover J.R. 1998. Infestation of the southern alligator lizard (Squamata: Anguidae) by Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) and its susceptibility to Borrelia burgdorferi. Journal of Medical Entomology, 35, 1044–1049.