Effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and nitrogen metabolism in rohu, Labeo rohita [Hamilton], fingerlings

• Autorzy: Dalal S , Bhattacharya S. , Ray A.K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the interactive effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on growth, feed utilization efficiency, and nitrogen metabolism in rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings (mean weight 4.06 ±0.08 g). Nine purified diets prepared with 25, 35, and 40 % protein level each having 15, 25, and 35 % carbohydrate were fed to nine different feeding groups at the rate of 3% of body weight in triplicate treatments. Better performance of fish in terms of percent weight gain, SGR, FCR, and PER was observed with increasing percentage of carbohydrate at a given protein level. Protease and α-amylase activities increased with increase in dietary protein and carbohydrate levels, respectively. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activities varied significantly in some groups. No significant difference among different groups regarding glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity was observed. Ammonia excretion was found to increase with increased consumption of dietary protein and carbohydrate and was highest in the groups of fish fed 40% protein diet suggesting active nitrogen metabolism in these.

PL

W warunkach laboratoryjnych przeprowadzono 60-dniowe doświadczenie żywieniowe dla określenia wpływu zawartości białka i węglowodanów na wzrost, efektywność wykorzystania paszy i metabolizm azotu przez palczaki grubowarga indyjskiego, Labeo rohita (średnia masa 4,06 +0,08 g). Przygotowano dziewięć receptur paszowych zawierających 25, 35 i 40% białka. Dla każdego poziomu białka przygotowano trzy zawartości węglowodanów: 15, 25 i 35%. Pasze były podawane dziewięciu grupom ryb i były dozowane w ilości 3% ich masy ciała. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w trzech powtórzeniach. Dla każdego poziomu białka, wzrastającej zawartości węglowodanów towarzyszył zwiększony wzrost procentowy masy ciała oraz polepszenie wartości SGR, FCR i PER. Aktywność proteazy i a-amylazy zwiększały się odpowiednio wraz ze wzrostem poziomu białek i węglowodanów. Aktywność transaminazy glutaminianowo-szczawiowo-octowej (GOT) różniła się istotnie w poszczególnych grupach. Nie zaobserwowano natomiast istotnych różnic w odniesieniu do aktywności transaminazy glutaminianowo-pirogronowej (GPT). Wydalanie amoniaku wzrastało wraz ze wzrostem spożycia białek ί węglowodanów i było najwyższe w grupach ryb żywionych paszami zawierającymi 40% białek, co może sugerować aktywny metabolizm azotu w tych grupach.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

fish; protein level; carbohydrate level; fingerling; growth performance; diet; feed utilization efficiency; nitrogen metabolism; Labeo rohita; aquaculture; dietary macronutrient; feeding experiment; rohu

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria
• Rocznik: 2001
• Tom: 31
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.3-17,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Dalal S

• Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731 235, West Bengal, India

autor

Bhattacharya S.

autor

Ray A.K.

Bibliografia

• Ahmed T.S., A.J. Matty, 1989: The effect of feeding antibiotics on growth and body composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture, 77: 211-220.
• Anonymous, 1980: Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. 15th edn.American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington DC.
• Artherton W.D., A. Aitken, 1970: Growth, nitrogen metabolism and fat metabolism in Salmo gairdneri Rich. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 36: 719-747.
• Baragi V., R.T. Lovell, 1986: Digestive enzyme activities in striped bass from first feeding through larval development. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 115: 478-484.
• Beamish F.W.H., J.W. Hilton, E. Niimi, S.J. Slinger, 1986: Dietary carbohydrate and growth,body composition, and heat increment in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Fish. Physiol. Biochem.,2: 85-91.
• Beamish F.W.H., T.E. Medland, 1986: Protein sparing effects in large rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Aquaculture, 55: 35-42.
• Beamish F.W.H., E. Thomas, 1984: Effects of dietary protein and lipid on nitrogen losses In rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri. Aquaculture, 41: 359-371.
• Bergmeyer H.U., E. Bernt, 1974: Colorimetric assay of Reitman and Frankel. In: [Bergmeyer H.U. (ed.)], Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Vol. II. Academic Press, Inc., New York: 735-739, 760-764.
• Bergot F., 1979: Carbohydrate in rainbow trout diets: Effect of level and source of carbohydrate and the number of meals on growth and body composition. Aquaculture, 18: 157-161.
• Bernfeld P., 1955: Methods in Enzymology. vol. I [Colowick S.P., N.O. Kaplan (eds.)]. Academic Press, New York.
• Bolin D.W., R.P. King, F.W. Klosterman, 1952: A simplified method for the determination of chromic oxide (Cr2O3) when used as a index substance. Science, 116: 634-635.
• Brett J.R., C.A. Zala, 1975: Daily pattern of nitrogen excretion and oxygen consumption of jockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) under controlled condition. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 32:2479-2486.
• Buhler D.R. J.E. Halver, 1961: Nutrition of salmonoid fishes IX. Carbohydrate requirements of Chinook salmon. J. Nutr., 74: 307-318.
• Cho C.Y., C.B. Cowey, T. Watanabe, 1985: Finfish nutrition in Asia: methodological approaches to research and development. IDRC, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
• Cowey C.B., 1980: Protein metabolism in fish. In: [Buttery P.J., D.B. Lindsay (eds.)], Protein Deposition in Animals. Butterworth, London: 271-288.
• Dąbrowski K., 1986: Mini-review on ontological aspects of nutritional requirements in fish.Comp. Biochem. PhysioL, 85A: 639-655.
• Dąbrowski K., S.J. Kaushik, B. Fauconneau, 1987: Rearing of Baer's sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt). Larvae ΙΠ. Nitrogen and energy metabolism and amino acid absorption. Aquaculture,65:31-41.
• Das K.M., S. Mohanty, S. Sarkar, 1991: Optimum dietary protein to energy ratio for Labeo rokita fingerlings. In: [De Silva S.S. (ed.)], Fish Nutrition Research in Asia, Proceedings of Fourth Asian Fish Nutrition Workshop. Asian Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ., 5: 69-74.
• De Silva S.S., T.A. Anderson, 1995: Fish nutrition in Aquaculture, Chapman & Hall, London.Duncan D.B., 1955: Multiple range and multiple F-tests: Biometrics, 11: 1-42.
• Meirich K. (ed.), 1990: Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC. vol. 1, 15th edn. Association of Analytical Chemists, Inc., Arlington, VA.
• Hemre G.L, O. Lie, E. Lied, G. Lambertson, 1989: Starch as an energy source in feed for cod (Gadus morhua): digestibility and retention. Aquaculture, 80: 261—270.
• Hofer, R., A. Nasir Uddin, 1985: Digestive processes during the development of the roach, Rutilus rutilus L. J. Fish Biol., 26: 683-689.
• Holm J.C., K.R. Torrissen, 1987: Growth depression and acclimatization of protease activity In Atlantic salmon first-feeding fry responding to a diet supplemented with Zooplankton. Aquaculture,65: 171-174.
• Kaushik S.J., A. Oliwa-Teles, 1985: Effect of digestible energy on nitrogen and energy balance in rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 50: 89-101.
• Kaushik S.J., F. Medale, B. Fauconneau, D. Blank, 1989: Effect of digestible carbohydrate on protein/energy utilization and glucose metabolism in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Aquaculture,79: 63-74.
• Kawai S., S. Ikeda, 1973: Studies on digestive enzymes of fishes: III. Development of digestive enzymes of rainbow trout after hatching and effect of dietary change on the activities of digestive enzymes in the juvenile stage. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 39: 817-823.
• Kheyyali D., S. Shimeno, M. Takeda, 1989: Effect of dietary carbohydrate and lipid levels on hepatopancreatic enzymes and body composition in carp. In: [Takeda M., T. Watanabe (eds.)], The Current Status of Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture. Toba, Japan: 451-460
• Lee D.J., G.B. Putnam, 1973: The response of rainbow trout to varying protein/energy ratios in a test diet. J. Nutr., 103: 916-922.
• Maynard L., J. Loosil, H. Hintz, R. Warner, 1979: Animal Nutrition. 7th edn. [Zappa C.R.(ed.)]. Me Graw-Hill, New York.
• Mohanty S.N., D. N. Swamy, S.D. Tripathi, 1990: Growth, nutritional indices and carcass composition of Indian major carp fry Catla catla , Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala fed four dietary protein levels. Aquaculture Hungarica, 6: 211-217.
• Moore S., W.W. Stein, 1948: Photometric ninhydrin method for use in the chromatography of amino acids. J. Biol. Chem., 176: 367-388.
• Paul B.N., S. Nandi, S. Sarkar, P.K. Mukhopadhyay, 1997: Effects of feeding unconventional animal protein sources on nitrogen metabolism in rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton). The Izraeli Journal of Aquaculture; Bamidegh, 49: 183-192.
• Pieper Α., Ε. Pfeffer, 1980: Studies on the comparative efficiency of utilization of gross energy from some carbohydrates, proteins and fats by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.). Aquaculture,20: 323-332.
• Rao N.G.S., 1987: Studies on the growth of fry and fingerlings of selected carps fed on formulated fish feeds. PhD Thesis. Bangalore University, Bangalore, India.
• Rychly J., 1980: Nitrogen balance in trout II. Nitrogen excretion and retention after feeding diets with varying protein and carbohydrate levels. Aquaculture, 20: 343-350.
• Satpathy B.B., 1997: Nutritional evaluation of protein level and sources in formulated diets of rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). PhD Thesis. Kalyani University, Kalyani, India.
• Seenappa D., K.V. Devaraj, 1995: Effect of different levels of protein, fat and carbohydrate on growth, feed utilization and body carcass composition of fingerlings in Catla catla (Ham.).Aquaculture, 129: 243-249.
• Segner H., R, Rösch, H. Schmidt, K.J. Poeppinghausen von, 1989: Digestive enzymes in larval Coregonus lavaretus L. J. Fish Biol., 35: 249-263.
• Sen P.R., N.G.S. Rao, S.R. Ghosh, M. Rout, 1978: Observations on protein, fat and carbohydrate requirements of carp. Aquaculture, 13: 245-255.
• Spyridakis P., R. Metailler, J. Gabaudan, A. Riaza, 1989: Studies on nutrient digestibility In European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). I. Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection.Aquaculture, 77: 61-70.
• Tabachek J.L., 1986: Influence of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, body composition and utilization efficiencies of artic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L. J. Fish Biol., 32: 139-151.
• Takeuchi T., T. Watanabe, C. Ogino, 1979: Availability of carbohydrate and lipid as dietary energy sources for carps. Bull. Jan. Soc. Sci. Fish., 45: 977-982.
• Walton M.J., 1986: Metabolic effects of feeding a high protein / low carbohydrate diet as compared to a low protein/high carbohydrate diet to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Fish Physiol. Biochem., 1: 7-15.
• Walton M.J., C.B. Cowey, 1977: Aspects of intermediary metabolism in salmonoid fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 73B: 59-79.
• Watanabe T., T. Takeuchi, C. Ogino, 1977: Studies on the sparing effect of lipids on dietary protein in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). In: [Halver I.E., K. Tiews (eds.)], Proceedings of World Symposium on Finfish Nutrition and Fishfeed Technol. vol. 1, Humburg, Berlin:! 13-125.
• Watanabe T., T. Takeuchi, S. Satoh, T. Ida, M. Yaguchi, 1987: Development of low proteinhigh energy diets for practical carp culture with special reference to reduction of total nitrogen excretion. Nippon Suisan Gakkashi, 53: 1413-1423.