Modelling the bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDF) of sea areas polluted by oil

• Autorzy: Otremba Z.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The paper discusses the possibilities of modelling the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) in sea areas polluted by oil. Three sea basin models are considered: a coastal one free of oil, one polluted by an oil film and one polluted by an oil emulsion. The following concentrations of oil were compared: for the film, 1 cm3 of oil per 1 m2 water surface, for the emulsion 1 cm3 of oil in 1 m3 of water. The optical properties of Romashkino crude oil were taken into consideration, as were various angles of incident solar light. The conversion of BRDFs into a directional distribution of the optical contrast of polluted areas is demonstrated.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

marine environment; radiance; petroleum industry; modelling; oil; pollution; remote sensing; oil pollution; oil emulsion; bidirectional reflectance distribution function; sea; oil-water emulsion; marine area

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Oceanologia
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: 46
• Numer: 4
• Opis fizyczny: p.505-518,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Otremba Z.

• Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 83, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland

Bibliografia

• Cox C., Munk W.H., 1954, Measurements of the sea surface from photographs of the sun’s glitter, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 44 (11), 838–850.
• HELCOM, 1991, Airborne surveillance with remote sensing equipment in the Baltic Sea area, HELCOM Recommendation 12/8 – adopted 20 February 1991 having regard to article 13, paragraph b) of the Helsinki Convention, [http://www.helcom.fi/recommendations/rec12 8.html].
• HELCOM, 2002, Location of oil spillages observed by aerial surveillance within the North and Baltic Sea areas in 2002, [http://www.helcom.fi/sea/oilbsns2002.pdf].
• Liang S., Strahler A., 1999, Summary of the international forum on BRDF, The Earth Observer, 11, 27 pp.
• Martonchik J.V., Bruegge C. J., Strahler A.H., 2000, A review of reflectance nomenclature used in remote sensing, Remote Sens. Rev., 19, 9–20.
• Mobley C.D., Zhang H., Voss K. J., 2003, Effects of optically shallow bottoms on upwelling radiances: Bidirectional reflectance distribution function effects, Limnol. Oceanogr., 48 (1, part 2), 337–345.
• Nicodemus F.E., 1963, Radiance, Am. J. Phys., 31 (5), 368–377, [repr. in:] Selected papers on radiometry, I. J. Spiro (ed.), SPIE Milestone Ser., Vol. MS14 (1990), pp. 74–83, Bellingham, WA, 704 pp.
• Nicodemus F. E., 1970, Reflectance nomenclature and directional reflectance and emissivity, Appl. Optics, 9 (6), 1474–1475.
• Nicodemus F.E., Richmond J.C., Hsia J. J., Ginsberg I.W., Limperis T., 1977, Geometrical considerations and nomenclature for reflectance, NBS Monograph 160, Natl. Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC, 52 pp.
• NRC (U. S. National Research Council), 2003, Oil in the sea III: Inputs, fates, and effects, Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC, p. 280.
• Otremba Z., 2000, The impact on the reflectance in VIS of a type of crude oil film floating on the water surface, Opt. Express, 7 (3), 129–134.
• Otremba Z., 2002, Simulation of the contrast of the sea areas polluted by oil spilled on the surface and dispersed in the water column, [in 44th thematic issue:] Boundary field problems and computer simulation, Sci. Proc. Riga Tech. Univ., Ser. Computer Science, 12, 6–12, [http://www.rtu.lv/www emc/emc home.htm].
• Otremba Z., 2004, Influence of oil dispersed in seawater on the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), Opt. Appl., (accepted).
• Otremba Z., Piskozub J., 2004, Phase functions of oil-in-water emulsions, Opt. Appl., 34 (1), 93–99.
• Petzold T., 1977, Volume scattering functions for selected ocean waters, [in:] Light in the sea, J.E. Tyler (ed.), Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg, PA, 152–174.
• Schaaf C. B, Gao F., Strahler A. H., Lucht W., Li X., Tsang T., Strugnell N.C., Zhang X., Jin Y., Muller J., Lewis P., Barnsley M., Hobson P., Disney M., Roberts G., Dunderdale M., Doll C., d’Entremont R., Hu B., Liang S., Privette J., Roy D., 2002, First Operational BRDF, albedo and nadir reflectance products from MODIS, Remote Sens. Environ., 83 (1)–(2), 135–148.