12-hour cycle of matter transformation in the sea surface microlayer in the offshore waters of the Gdańsk Basin (Baltic Sea) during spring

• Autorzy: Falkowska L.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Short-term measurements of nutrient and DOC concentrations and suspended matter (particles, chlorophyll a, phaeophytin, algae and ATP concentrations) carried out in seawater layers of varying thickness (10, 90, 250 μm and the underwater layer – 15 cm depth) in spring form the basis for a discussion of the diurnal fluctuations of nutrient and suspended organic matter concentrations. Quantitative and qualitative differences in the composition of neuston species were recorded in selected sub-layers of the chemically stratified sea surface microlayer. The non-linear regression equation was applied in a mathematical model of the diurnal fluctuations of nutrients and organic matter. Two maxima and two minima were found in the diurnal cycle of nutrient concentrations and organic suspensions in sub-layers of different thickness selected from the sea surface. The first maximum, expressed by the proliferation of phytoneuston, lasted from the very early morning till mid-morning. The second maximum occurred in the afternoon. The chlorophyll a concentration, and ATP and neuston abundance declined markedly around noon, when the biologically-damaging radiation dose increased, compelling the downward migration of organisms. At the same time, the photo-oxidation of dissolved organic matter intensified and the concentrations of inorganic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus rose. A shift (up to 2 h) between the maximum and minimum neuston concentration in these sea surface layers was indicative of phototaxis occurring within the entire surface microlayer and in the underwater layer. After sunset the decline in phytoneuston abundance could be related to zooplankton grazing as well as to respiratory breakdown.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

nutrient; matter transformation; spring; sea water; Baltic Sea; microlayer; sea surface; Gdansk Basin

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Oceanologia
• Rocznik: 2001
• Tom: 43
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.201-222,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Falkowska L.

• University of Gdansk, al.Marszalka Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland

Bibliografia

• Benner R., Strom M., 1993, A critical evaluation of the analytical blank associated with DOC measurements by high-temperature catalytic oxidation, Mar. Chem., 41, 153–160.
• Behrenfeld M., Chapman J.W., Hardy J.T., Lee H., 1993, Is there a common response to ultraviolet-B radiation by marine phytoplankton?, Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 102, 59–68.
• Bovbjerd R.V., Freitag J., McHaney D., 1976, A fixed net method to determine the vertical migration of plankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 21, 920–922.
• Ciszewski P., Ochocki S., Pytel H., Renk H., 1983, Diel changes in zooplankton distribution at the Gdańsk Deep, Pol. Ecol. Stud., 9 (3), 361–371.
• DietzA . S., Albright L. J., Tamminen T. 1976, Heterotrophic activities of bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton, Can. J. Microbiol., 22, 1699–1702.
• Edler L. (ed.), 1979, Recommendations on methods for marine biological studies in the Baltic Sea, Phytoplankton and chlorophyll – Baltic Mar. Biol. Work Group No. 9, BMB 5, Univ. Lund, Sweden, 38.
• Falkowska L., 1998, Short-term changes in the hydrochemical constituents in the water column of the Gdańsk Deep (Baltic Sea) in spring. Part 2. Modelling of diel changes in nutrient concentrations in the euphotic layer), Oceanologia, 40 (2), 105–115.
• Falkowska L., 1999a, Sea surface microlayer: a field evaluation of teflon plate, glass plate and screen sampling technique. Part 1. Thickness of microlayer samples and relation to wind velocity, Oceanologia, 41 (2), 211–221.
• Falkowska L., 1999b, Sea surface microlayer: a field evaluation of teflon plate, glass plate and screen sampling technique. Part 2. Dissolved and suspended material, Oceanologia, 41 (2), 223–240.
• Falkowska L., Latała A., 1995, Short-term variations in the concentrations of suspended particle, chlorophyll a and nutrients in the surface seawater layer of the Gdańsk Deep, Oceanologia, 37 (2), 249–284.
• Francko D.A., 1990, Alteration of bioavailability and toxicity by phototransformation of organic acids, [in:] Organic acid in aquatic ecosystems, E.M. Perdue & E.T. Gjessing (eds.), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 167–177.
• Freedman M. L., Hains Jr J. J., Schindler J. E., 1982, Diel changes of neuston biomass as measured by ATP and cell counts, Lake Louise, Georgia, USA, J. Freshw. Ecol., 1, 373–381.
• GESAMP (IMO/FAO/UNESCO– IOC/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection), 1995, The Sea-surface microlayer and its role in global change, 59, 27–51.
• Grasshoff K., Ehrhardt M., Kremling K., Almgren T., 1983, Methods of seawater analysis, Verlag Chem., Weinheim, 419 pp.
• Hardy J.T., 1973, Phytoneuston ecology of a temperate marine lagoon, Limnol. Oceanogr., 18 (4), 525–533.
• Hardy J.T., Gucinski H., 1989, Stratospheric ozone depletion: implications for the marine environment, Oceanography, 2, 18–21.
• Hardy J.T., Hunter K. A., Calmet D., Cleary J. J., Duce R.A., Forbes T. L., Gladyshev M. L., Harding G., Shenker J.M., Tratnyek P., Zaitsev Y., 1997, Report Group 2 – Biological effects of chemical and radiative change in the sea surface, [in:] The sea surface and global change, P.S. Liss & R.A. Duce (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 35–70.
• Herndl G. J.,Muller-Niklas G., Frick J., 1993, Major role of ultraviolet-B controlling bacterioplankton growth in the surface layer of the ocean, Nature, 361, 717–719.
• Holm-Hansen O., Booth C.R., 1966, The measurement of adenosine triphosphate in the ocean and its ecological significance, Limnol. Oceanogr., 11, 510–519.
• Holm-Hansen O., Lubin D., Helbling E.W., 1993, Ultraviolet radiation and its effects on organisms in aquatic environments, [in:] Environmental UV photobiology, A.R. Young, L.O. Bj¨orn, J. Moan & W. Nultsch (eds.), Plenum Press, New York, 379–425.
• Johnson K.M., Davis P.G., Sieburth JMc.N., 1983, Diel variation of TCO2 in upper layer of oceanic waters reflects microbial composition, variation and possibly methane cycling, Mar. Biol., 77, 1–10.
• Kaiser E., Herndl G. J., 1997, Rapid recovery of marine bacterioplankton activity after inhibition by UV radiation in coastal waters, Appl. Environm. Microbibiol., 63, 4026–4031.
• Liss P. S., Duce R.A., 1997, The sea surface and global change, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 519 pp.
• Maki J. S., Herwig R.P., 1991, A diel study of the neuston and plankton bacteria in an Antarctic pond, Antarctic Sci., 3, 47–51.
• Maki J. S., Ramsen C.C., 1989, Examination of freshwater surface microlayer for diel changes in the bacterioneuston, Hydrobiologia, 182, 25–34.
• Manzi J. J., Stofan P. E., Dupuy J. L., 1977, Spatial heterogeneity of phytoplankton populations in estuarine surface microlayers, Mar. Biol., 41, 29–38.
• Mopper K., Lindroth P., 1982, Diel and depth variations in dissolved free amino acids and ammonium in the Baltic Sea determined by shipboard HPLC analysis, Limnol. Oceanogr., 27, 336–347.
• Neale P. J., Cullen J. J., Davis R. F., 1998, Inhibition of marine photosynthesis by ultraviolet radiation: variable sensitivity of phytoplankton in the Weddel–Scotia confluence during the austral spring, Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 433–448.
• Parsons T.R., Maaita Y., Lalli C.M., 1985, A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis, Pergamon Press, New York, 201 pp.
• Prézelin B. B., Boucher N.P., Schofield O., 1994, Evaluation of field studies of UV–B radiation effects on Antarctic marine primary productivity, [in:] Stratospheric ozone depletion /UV–B radiation in the biosphere, H. Biggs & M.E.B. Joyner (eds.), Nato Adv. Stud. Instit. Ser., 118, 181–194.
• Sieburth JMc.N., 1983, Microbiological and organic-chemical processes in the surface and mixed layers, [in:] Air-sea exchange of gases and particles, P.S. Liss & W.G.N. Slinn (eds.), D. Reidel, Boston, 121–172.
• Sugimura Y., Suzuki Y., 1988, A high-temperature catalytic oxidation method for the determination of non-volatile dissolved organic carbon in seawater by direct injection of a liquid sample, Mar. Chem., 24, 105–131.
• Wandschneider K., 1979, Vertical distribution of phytoplankton during investigations of natural surface film, Mar. Biol., 52, 105–111.
• Zafiriou O.C., Joussot-Dubien J., Zepp R.G., Zika R.G., 1984, Photochemistry of natural waters, Environm. Sci. Technol., 18 (12), 358A–371A.
• Zaitsev Y., 1997, Neuston of seas and oceans [in:] The sea surface and global change, P. S. Liss & R.A. Duce (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 371–382.
• Zepp R.G., Callaghan T.V., Ericson D. J., 1998, Effects of enhanced solar ultraviolet radiation on biogeochemical cycles, J. Photochem. Photobiol., B: Biol., 46, 69–82.