Dispersal distance and burial mode of acorns in Eurasian Jays Garrulus glandarius in European temperate forests

• Autorzy: Kurek P. , Dobrowolska D. , Wiatrowska B.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Rozsiewanie żołędzi przez sójki

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Dispersal distance and burial mode of acorns are two of the most important characteristics in renewal processes of oaks that result from the food hoarding ecology of the Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius. To obtain the dispersal distance and to locate precisely the caches with scattered acorns we used radio-tracked transmitters with flexible 13 cm long sticking out antennae injected into drilled acorns. From mid-September to mid-October acorns of Pedunculate Oak Quercus robur with transmitters were mixed with untagged acorns and exhibited on five feeders distributed from each other at a distance of at least 1.3 km (max. 3.8). We obtained information on 121 tagged acorns scattered by Jays in two consecutive years (2014 - 42 records, 2015 - 79 records). For both seasons, mean dispersal distance was 115.7 metres (SE = 9.2). The maximum detected distance was 456 m, the minimum was 3 m. Most of the acorns (52.6%) were deposited by Jays up to 100 m from the source. Dispersal distance differed significantly between the two years of research and between feeders. Mean dispersal distance was much higher in 2014 (166 m, N = 42) than in 2015 (86 m, N = 72) and differed between seasons while the seed crop was similar and low. Only four acorns (3.5%) were found on the litter with no signs of hiding, which suggests accidental loss during transport (dyszoochory). Most of the cached acorns (44.6%) were deposited in the Scots Pine Pinus silvestris litter or moss cushions no deeper than 0.5 cm. The additional covering of caches with pieces of bark or leaves were noted accidentally in nine cases (9.8%).

PL

Badania nad rozsiewaniem żołędzi przez sójki prowadzono od połowy września do połowy października 2014 i 2015 roku na Pojezierzu Olsztyńskim. Celem prac było określenie odległości na jakie rozsiewane są żołędzie ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zmienności między sezonami w zależności od urodzaju żołędzi i udziałem dalekiego transportu nasion przez ptaki (long-distance dispersal) oraz zbadanie sposobów ukrywania żołędzi w skrytkach. Aby precyzyjnie określić odległości na jakie przenoszone były żołędzie i odnaleźć skrytki wykorzystano nadajniki telemetryczne zamontowane w środku żołędzia z wystającą elastyczną anteną. Żołędzie dębu szypułkowego z nadajnikami były wykładane w karmnikach rozmieszczonych przynajmniej 1,3 km od siebie. Uzyskano informacje o lokalizacji 121 żołędzi. Dla obu sezonów średnia odległość rozsiewania wyniosła 115,7 m (SE = 9,2; zakres 3-456 m, N = 114). Większość żołędzi (52,6%) została ukryta przez sójki w odległości do 100 m od karmnika (Fig. 1). Odległość rozsiewania żołędzi różniła się istotnie między karmnikami i sezonami (średni dystans w 2014 roku wynosił 166 m, zaś w roku 2015 — 86 m), mimo że urodzaj żołędzi był słaby i podobny pomiędzy obu latami. W czterech przypadkach (3,5%) znaleziono żołędzie leżące na ściółce (nieukryte), co sugeruje przypadkowe ich zgubienie podczas transportu (dyszoochoria). Większość żołędzi była ukrywana pojedynczo — tylko w jednym przypadku stwierdzono dwa żołędzie w jednej skrytce (0,9%). Najczęściej (44,6% przypadków) ptaki wciskały żołędzie w ściółkę nie głębiej niż 0.5 cm (ryc. 2). Dodatkowe maskowanie wciśniętych żołędzi kawałkami kory i liśćmi było notowane w 9,8% przypadków (Apendyks 1).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

dispersal distance; acorn; bird; Eurasian Jay; Garrulus glandarius; European forest; temperate forest; zoochory

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Acta Ornithologica
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: 53
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.155-162,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Kurek P.

• Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61–614 Poznan, Poland

autor

Dobrowolska D.

• Department of Forest Ecology, Forest Research Institute, Braci Lesnej 3, 05–090 Sekocin Stary, Poland

autor

Wiatrowska B.

• Department of Forest Botany, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71D, 60–625 Poznan, Poland

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.3161/00016454AO2018.53.2.005