Wydajność zrywki drewna skiderem na terenach pochyłych

• Autorzy: Kulak D. , Stanczykiewicz A. , Szewczyk G. , Wala L.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Efficiency of timber skidding on the slopes

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of the study is to characterise the working time structure of an operator of the LKT 82 skidder performing timber skidding on the sloping area, and to develop models of efficiency and time−consumption of the work depending on selected factors characteristic of the described transport process. The research was performed in the Sucha Forest District (S Poland). We considered two treatments: late thinning and felling performed in stands with the dominating share of beech. Logs obtained with chainsaws were initially extracted with horses and laid at the slope road. Later on the additional skidding with skidder tractor was done. Continuous timing of individual operations was performed with the use of a microcomputer equipped with time measurement software (accuracy of 1 second). We also determined skidding distance using a GPS device, the number of extracted logs in the load, and the volume of the logs. The total timing measurements lasted for a total of 70 h 24 min 27 s. During that time, the tractor made 72 cycles, transporting 998 logs with a total volume of 493.3 m³. In the mature stand, the average skidding distance amounted to approximately 1,160 m, a single load consisted of 3−4 logs with a volume of 7.7 m³. The operational efficiency of the skidding was 9.1 m³/h. In the thinning stand, the skidding distance was 1,230 m, the average load consisted of 22 logs with a volume of 5.8 m³. The operational efficiency amounted to 7.8 m³/h, on average. The working time structure was dominated by auxiliary (over 60%) and effective (nearly 30%) times. The obtained regression models of the duration of activities from the group of operational times were characterised by high correlation coefficient (about 0.75 for skidding time and driving without a load). Relatively strong relationships (r > 0.5) were also found between the times of collecting cable pulling and load attachment, and the volume of the extracted loads, and in the case of the times of collecting cable pulling also the type of treatment performed. The regression models for the times of log stacking, pulling the loads up with the winch and detaching them, despite the fact that they were statistically significant, characterised by relatively low correlation coefficients. The relationship between skidding efficiency and skidding distance was also determined (fig.). The duration of skidding cycles was described using the multiple regression with the volume of single loads and the skidding distance as the determinants. The regression models of skidding efficiency and time−consumption of skidding cycles may find practical application in estimating the efficiency of the tasks performed in stands and under conditions similar to those analysed in the present research.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

lesnictwo; pozyskiwanie drewna; zrywka drewna; skidery; struktura czasu pracy; wydajnosc pracy; modelowanie

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Sylwan
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: 163
• Numer: 07
• Opis fizyczny: s.601-609,rys.,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Kulak D.

• Zakład Użytkowania Lasu i Drewna, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, al.29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków

autor

Stanczykiewicz A.

• Zakład Użytkowania Lasu i Drewna, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, al.29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków

autor

Szewczyk G.

• Zakład Użytkowania Lasu i Drewna, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, al.29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków

autor

Wala L.

• Zakład Użytkowania Lasu i Drewna, Uniwersytet Rolniczy w Krakowie, al.29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków

Bibliografia

• Ahmadi I. 2011. Dynamics of tractor lateral overturn on slopes under the influence of position disturbances (model development). Journal of Terramechanics 48 (5): 339-346.
• Allman M., Ferenčik M., Jankovský M., Stanovský M., Messingerová V. 2015. Damage Caused by Wheeled Skidders on Cambisols of Central Europe. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering 2 (36): 205-215.
• Bavaghar M. P., Sobhani H., Feghhi J., Darvishsefat A. A., Marvi Mohajer M. R. 2010. Comprehensive productivity models for tracked and wheeled skidders in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Research Journal of Forestry 4 (2): 65-71.
• Bembenek M., Mederski P. S., Erler J., Giefing D. F. 2011. Results of large-size timber extracting with a grapple skidder. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria 10 (3): 5-14.
• Borz S. A., Dinulică F., Bîrda M., Ignea G., Ciobanu V. D., Popa B. 2013. Time consumption and productivity of skidding silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) round wood in reduced accessibility conditions: a case study in windthrow salvage logging form Romanian Carpathians. Annals of Forest Research 56 (2): 363-375.
• Dudek T. 2010a. Badanie wydajności technologii zrywki drewna w lasach górskich. Część 1. Drzewostany przedrębne. Technika Rolnicza Ogrodnicza Leśna 3: 2-4.
• Dudek T. 2010b. Badanie wydajności technologii zrywki drewna w lasach górskich. Część 2. Drzewostany rębne. Technika Rolnicza Ogrodnicza Leśna 4: 2-4.
• Gholami M. J., Majnounian B. 2008. Productivity and cost of wheeled skidder in Hyrcanian Forest. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences 2 (3): 99-103.
• Grabowska K. 2013. Kultowe LKT. Słowackie skidery dawniej i dziś. Nowa Gazeta Leśna 4: 30-32.
• Kocel J. 2013. Firmy leśne w Polsce. CILP, DGLP, Warszawa.
• Kulak D., Stańczykiewicz A., Szewczyk G. 2017. Productivity and time consumption of timber extraction with a grapple skidder in selected pine stands. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering 38 (1): 55-63.
• Kulak D., Stańczykiewicz A., Szewczyk G., Kobiałka P. 2013. Soil disturbances as a result of timber skidding in fir-beech mountain stands. Forestry Letters 105 (3): 35-46.
• Leśnictwo. 2017. GUS, Warszawa.
• Maksymiak M., Grieger A. 2008. Analiza wydajności półpodwieszonej zrywki drewna na przykładzie maszyn Timberjack 1010 i Valmet 860.3. Technika Rolnicza Ogrodnicza Leśna (4): 2-5.
• Marčeta D., Petković V., Košir B. 2014. Comparison of two skidding methods in beech forests in mountainous conditions. Nova mehanizacija šumarstva: Časopis za teoriju i praksu šumarskoga inženjerstva 35 (1): 51-62.
• Mederski P. S., Karaszewski Z., Rosińska M., Bembenek M. 2016. Dynamika zmian liczby harwesterów w Polsce oraz czynniki determinujące ich występowanie. Sylwan 160 (10): 795-804. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26202/sylwan. 2016030.
• Moskalik T., Borz S. A., Dvořák J., Ferencik M., Glushkov S., Muiste P., Lazdin¸sˇ A., Styranivsky O. 2017. Timber Harvesting Methods in Eastern European Countries: a Review. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering 38 (2): 231-241.
• Mousavi R., Nikooy M., Nezhad A. E., Ershadfar M. 2012. Evaluation of full tree skidding by HSM-904 skidder in patch cutting of aspen plantation in Northern Iran. Journal of Forest Science 58 (2): 79-87.
• Mousavi R., Nikoye Seyahkal M., Naghdi R. 2013. Comparison of timber skidding using two ground-based skidding systems: grapple skidding vs. cable skidding. International Journal of Forest, Soil and Erosion (IJFSE) 3 (3): 79-86.
• Nurminen T., Korpunen H., Uusitalo J. 2006. Time consumption analysis of the mechanized cut-to-length harvesting system. Silva Fennica 40 (2): 335-363.
• Poje A., Potočnik I., Danilovic M., Antonić S. 2016. A case study of the impact of skidding distance on tractor operator exposure to noise. Baltic Forestry 22 (2): 357-364.
• Porter B., Strawa P. 2006. Analiza pozyskiwania i zrywki drewna w drzewostanach jodłowych. Sylwan 1 (150): 67-72.
• Proto A. R., Macrě G., Visser R., Russo D., Zimbalatti G. 2018. Comparison of timber extraction productivity between winch and grapple skidding: A Case study in Southern Italian Forests. Forests 9 (2): 61-67.
• Sadowski J., Moskalik T., Zastocki D. 2012. Basic parameters of timber harvesting processes in mountain beech stands in Komancza Forest Inspectorate. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria 11 (4): 37-44.
• Sosnowski J. 2003. Zasady proekologicznej zrywki drewna w warunkach gospodarki leśnej w górach. Sylwan 147 (5): 58-64.
• Spinelli R., Magagnotti N. 2012. Wood extraction with farm tractor and sulky: estimating productivity, cost and energy consumption. Small-scale Forestry 11 (1): 73-85.
• Spinelli R., Magagnotti N., Relańo R. L. 2012. An alternative skidding technology to the current use of crawler tractors in Alpine logging operations. Journal of Cleaner Production 31: 73-79.
• Suwała M., Rzadkowski S. 2001. Wydajność, koszty i uszkodzenia drzew przy pozyskiwaniu drewna w trzebieżach drzewostanów górskich. Prace Instytutu Badawczego Leśnictwa A 1 (911): 85-111.
• Szewczyk G. 2010. Czasochłonność zrywki konnej w drzewostanach trzebieżowych. Sylwan 154 (1): 52-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26202/sylwan.2009023.
• Szewczyk G. 2014. Model strukturalny dynamiki zmienności pracy na wybranych stanowiskach roboczych w pozyskiwaniu i zrywce drewna. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Rolniczego im. Hugona Kołłątaja w Krakowie 522. Rozprawy 399.
• Vusić D., Šušnjar M., Marchi E., Spina R., Zečić Ž., Picchio R. 2013. Skidding operations in thinning and shelterwood cut of mixed stands – work productivity, energy inputs and emissions. Ecological Engineering 61: 216-223.
• Zečić Ž., Marenče J. 2005. Mathematical models for optimization of group work in harvesting operation. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering: Journal for Theory and Application of Forestry Engineering 26 (1): 29-37.
• Zečić Ž., Vusić D., Prka M., Klepac S. 2010. Utjecaj nagiba traktorskog puta na proizvodnost traktora Timberjack 240C pri privlačenju drvnih sortimenata u prebornim šumama. Šumarski list 134 (3-4): 103-113.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.26202/sylwan.2019003