Conversion of soil pH 1:2.5 KCl and 1:2.5 H2O to 1:5 H2O: conclusions for soil management, environmental monitoring, and international soil databases

• Autorzy: Kabala C. , Musztyfaga E. , Galka B. , Labunska D. , Manczynska P.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Both the international ISO standard and modern soil classifi cations and databases require soil pH measurement at a 1:5 soil:solution ratio, while the ratio 1:2.5 is still the most commonly used in Poland and other European countries. The transformation of laboratory practices is necessary, but it is also necessary to establish and validate a reliable procedure for converting soil pH at soil:solution ratios of 1:5 and 1:2.5. Based on 200 soil samples representing typical soil types and soil properties of southwest Poland (including arable and forested areas, both in the lowlands and mountains), a general conclusion was derived that pH values measured at soil:solution ratios 1:2.5 and 1:5 in distilled water and KCl solution, respectively, have nearly identical values and do not require conversion in most practical applications. If precise conversion of pH1:2.5 to pH1:5 is necessary, e.g., for soil database construction or long-term soil quality monitoring, the following equations are suggested: pHH2O 1:5 = 0.14 + 0.99*pHH2O 1:2.5 and pHKCl 1:5 = 0.09 + 1.00*pHKCl 1:2.5, respectively. When the direct conversion of pHKCl 1:2.5 to pHH2O 1:5 is required, a simple logarithmic model offer precise and reliable transformation: pHH2O 1:5 = -1.95 + 11.58*log10(pHKCl 1:2.5). This model makes the archival records still useful, both for international soil classifi cations, background data in the long-term measurement series, and as input data for modern international soil databases.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: 25
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.647-653,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Kabala C.

• Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland

autor

Musztyfaga E.

• Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland

autor

Galka B.

• Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland

autor

Labunska D.

• Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland

autor

Manczynska P.

• Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. KUZIEMSKA B., WIEREMIEJ W., JAREMKO D., BIK B., TRĘBICKA J., KLEJ P. Effect of liming and addition of organic materials to the nickel content in biomass of cocksfoot and his fractions in soil contaminated with this element. Soil Science Annual 66 (1), 10, 2015.
• 2. NOWOROLNIK K. Wpływ jakości gleby na plonowanie pszenicy jarej i jęczmienia jarego. Acta Agrophysica 11 (2), 457, 2008.
• 3. BOLAN N., KUNHIKRISHNAN A., THANGARAJAN R., KUMPIENE J., PARK J., MAKINO T., SCHECKEL K. Remediation of heavy metal (loid) s contaminated soils - to mobilize or to immobilize? Journal of Hazardous Materials 266, 141, 2014.
• 4. KORZENIOWSKA J., STANISŁAWSKA-GLUBIAK E. Comparison of 1 M HCl and Mehlich 3 for Assessment of the Micronutrient Status of Polish Soils in the Context of Winter Wheat Nutritional Demands. Communications Soil Science Plant Analysis 46, 1263, 2015.
• 5. ROGÓŻ A., TABAK M. Contents of selected macroelements in soils, potatoes, and fodder beets at variable soil reaction. Soil Science Annual 66 (1), 2015.
• 6. SZOPKA K., KABALA C., KARCZEWSKA A., BOGACZ A., JEZIERSKI P. Pools of available nutrients in soils from different altitudinal forest zones located in a monitoring system of the Karkonosze Mountains National Park, Poland. Polish Journal Soil Science 43 (2), 173, 2010.
• 7. KABALA C., KARCZEWSKA A., MEDYNSKA-JURASZEK A. Variability and relationships between Pb, Cu, and Zn concentrations in soil solutions and forest floor leach-ates at heavily polluted sites. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 177, 573, 2014.
• 8. KABALA C., SINGH B. R. Fractionation and mobility of copper, lead and zinc in soil profiles in the vicinity of a copper smelter. J. Environ. Qual. 20, 485, 2001.
• 9. KABALA C., SZERSZEN L. Profile distribution of lead, zinc and copper in Dystric Cambisols developed from granite and gneiss of the Sudetes Mountains, Poland. Water Air Soil Pollution 138, 307, 2002.
• 10. KORZENIOWSKA J., STANISLAWSKA-GLUBIAK E. A comparison of the suitability of several methods to estimate the bioavailability of elements in soils to plants. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 22, 943, 2013.
• 11. WYSZKOWSKA J., BOROWIK A., KUCHARSKI J., KUCHARSKI M. Reakcja promieniowców na zakwaszenie gleby. Roczniki Gleboznawcze - Soil Science Annual 62 (2), 433, 2011.
• 12. WITKOWSKA-WALCZAK B., BARTMIŃSKI P., SŁAWIŃSKI C. Hydrophysical characteristics of selected soils from arctic and temperate zones. International Agrophysics 29 (4), 525, 2015.
• 13. WAROSZEWSKI J., EGLI M., KABALA C., KIERCZAK J., BRANDOVA D. Mass fluxes and clay mineral formation in soils developed on slope deposits of the Kowarski Grzbiet (Karkonosze Mountains, Czech Republic/Poland). Geoder-ma 264, 363, 2016.
• 14. KABALA C., ZAPART J. Initial soil development and carbon accumulation on moraines of the rapidly retreating Werenskiold Glacier, SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard archipelago. Geoderma 175-176, 9, 2012.
• 15. LABAZ B., GALKA B., BOGACZ A., WAROSZEWSKI J., KABALA C. Factors influencing humus forms and forest litter properties in the mid-mountains under temperate climate of southwestern Poland. Geoderma 230-231, 265, 2014.
• 16. SKWIERAWSKA M., KRZEBIETKE S., JANKOWSKI K., BENEDYCKA Z., MACKIEWICZ-WALEC E. Sulphur in the Polish fertilization diagnositcs. Journal Elementology 19, 433, 2014.
• 17. BROŻEK S., LASOTA J., BŁOŃSKA E., WANIC T., ZWYDAK M. Waloryzacja siedlisk obszarów górskich na podstawie Siedliskowego Indeksu Glebowego (SIGg). Sylwan 159 (8), 684, 2015.
• 18. GRUBA P., HEJDAK M., KORYL O. Spatial variability of pH in urface horizons of forest soils. Sylwan 153 (6), 406, 2009.
• 19. KABALA C., BOJKO O. Trends in trace element concentrations in Holocene bottom sediments of a lake Wielki Staw in the Karkonosze Mountains. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 23 (2), 357, 2014.
• 20.NOVÁK T. J., INCZE J., SPOHN M., GLINA B., GIANI L. Soil and vegetation transformation in abandoned vineyards of the Tokaj Nagy-Hill, Hungary. Catena 123, 88, 2014.
• 21. GALKA B., KABALA C., LABAZ B., BOGACZ A. Influence of stands with diversed share of Norway spruce in species structure on soils of various forest habitats in the Stołowe Mountains. Sylwan 158 (9), 684, 2014.
• 22. GALKA B., LABAZ B., BOGACZ A., BOJKO O., KABALA C. Conversion of Norway spruce forests will reduce organic carbon pools in the mountain soils of SW Poland. Geoderma 213, 287, 2014.
• 23. LEMANOWICZ J., SIWIK-ZIOMEK A., KOPER J. How fertilization with farmyard manure and nitrogen affects available phosphorus content and phosphatase activity in soil. Polish J Environ. Stud. 23, (4), 1211, 2014.
• 24. BŁOŃSKA E., MAŁEK S., JANUSZEK K., BARSZCZ J., WANIC T. Changes in forest soil properties and spruce stands characteristics after dolomite, magnesite and serpentinite fertilization. European Journal of Forest Research 134, 981, 2015.
• 25. CHARZYŃSKI P., HULISZ P., BEDNAREK R., PIERNIK A., WINKLER M., CHMURZYŃSKI M. Edifisols - a new soil unit of technogenic soils. Journal of Soils and Sediments 15, 1675, 2015.
• 26. CIEĆKO Ż., ŻOŁNOWSKI A. C., MADEJ M., WASIAK G., LISOWSKI J. Long-term effects of hard coal fly ash on selected soil properties. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 24 (5), 1949, 2015.
• 27. GREINERT A. The heterogeneity of urban soils in the light of their properties. Journal of Soils and Sediments 15, 1725, 2015.
• 28. KABALA C., CHODAK T., SZERSZEŃ L., KARCZEWSKA A., SZOPKA K., FRĄTCZAK U. Factors influencing the concentration of heavy metals in soils of allotment gardens in the city of Wrocław. Fresenius Env. Bull. 18 (6), 622, 2009.
• 29. MEDYŃSKA-JURASZEK A., KABAŁA C. Heavy metal pollution of forest soils affected by the copper industry. Journal Elementology 17, 441, 2012.
• 30. ZAPKO Y., DESYATNIK K., DMYTRUK Y. Assessment of changes of some functions of Ukrainian acid soils after chemical amelioration. Soil Science Annual 65 (3), 111, 2014.
• 31. ARROUAYS D., MCBRATNEY A. B., MINASNY B., HEMPEL J. W., HEUVELINK G. B. M., MACMILLAN R. A., MCKENZIE N. J. The GlobalSoilMap project specifications. In: Arrouays D. (Ed.) GlobalSoilMap: Basis of the global spatial soil information system. CRC Press, Boca Raton, US, 2014.
• 32. BIEGANOWSKI A., WITKOWSKA-WALCZAK B., GLINSKI J., SOKOŁOWSKA Z., SŁAWIŃSKI C., BRZEZIŃSKA M., WŁODARCZYK T. Database of Polish arable mineral soils: a review. International Agrophysics 27 (3), 335, 2013.
• 33. TÓTH G., JONES A., MONTANARELLA L. The LUCAS topsoil database and derived information on the regional variability of cropland topsoil properties in the European Union. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 185, 7409, 2013.
• 34. WAROSZEWSKI J., KALINSKI K., MALKIEWICZ M., MAZUREK R., KOZŁOWSKI G., KABALA C. Pleisto-cene-Holocene cover-beds on granite regolith as parent material for Podzols - An example from the Sudeten Mountains. Catena 104, 161, 2012.
• 35. JADCZYSZYN T., PIETRUCH C., LIPINSKI W. Monitoring of the contents of mineral nitrogen in soils of Poland in the period 2007-2009. Nawozy Nawożenie 38, 84, 2010.
• 36. KARCZEWSKA A., BOGACZ A., KABAŁA C., SZOPKA K., DUSZYŃSKA D. Methodology of soil monitoring in a forested zone of the Karkonosze National Park with reference to the diversity of soil properties. Pol. J. Soil Sci. 39 (2), 117, 2006.
• 37. MALISZEWSKA-KORDYBACH B., SMRECZAK B., KLIMKOWICZ-PAWLAS A., TERELAK H. Monitoring of the total content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in arable soils in Poland. Chemosphere 73, 1284, 2008.
• 38. SZOPKA K., KARCZEWSKAA., JEZIERSKI P., KABAŁA C. Spatial distribution of lead in the surface layers of mountain forest soils, an example from the Karkonosze National Park, Poland. Geoderma 192, 259, 2013.
• 39. TERELAK H., MOTOWICKA-TERELAK T., PONDEL H., MALISZEWSKA-KORDYBACH B., PIETRUCH C. Monitoring chemizmu gleb ornych Polski. Inspekcja Ochrony Środowiska, Warszawa, 1999.
• 40. THOMAS G. W. Soil pH and soil acidity. In: Sparks D. L. (Ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 3 - Chemical methods. SSSA Book Series, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 475, 1996.
• 41. MILLER R. O., KISSEL D. E. Comparison of soil pH methods on soils of North America. Soil Science Society America Journal 74, 310, 2010.
• 42. KABATA-PENDIAS A. Behavioral properties of trace metals in soils. Applied Geochemistry 8, 3, 1993.
• 43. KORTHALS G. W., ALEXIEV A. D., LEXMOND T. M., KAMMENGA J. E., BONGERS T. Long-term effects of copper and pH on the nematode community in an agroeco-system. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15 (6), 979, 1996.
• 44. LOOKMAN R., JANSEN K., MERCKX R., VLASSAK K. Relationship between soil properties and phosphate saturation parameters a transect study in northern Belgium. Geoderma 69, 265, 1996.
• 45. IUSS WORKING GROUP WRB. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, Update 2015. International soil classification system for naming soil and creating legends for soil maps. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, 2015.
• 46. FOTYMA M., JADCZYSZYN T. Perspektywy wprowadzenia w Polsce metody pomiaru pH w 0,01 mol/ dm3 CaCl2. Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych 456, 665,21998.
• 47. HENDERSON B. L., BUI E. N. An improved calibration curve between soil pH measured in water and CaCl2. Soil Research 40 (8), 1399, 2002.
• 48. LIBOHOVA Z., WILLS S., ODGERS N. P., FERGUSON R., NESSER R., THOMPSON J. A., WEST L. T., HEMPEL J. W. Converting pH 1:1 H2O and 1:2 CaCl2 to 1:5 H2O to contribute to a harmonized global soil database. Geoderma 213, 544, 2014.
• 49. LIEROP W. V. Conversion of organic soil pH values measured in water, 0.01 M CaCl2 or 1 N KCl. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 61 (4), 577, 1981.
• 50. USOWICZ B., HAJNOS M., SOKOŁOWSKA Z., JÓZEFACIUK G., BOWANKO G., KOSSOWSKI J. Przestrzenna zmienność fizycznych i chemicznych właściwości gleby w skali pola i gminy. Acta Agrophysica 103, 1, 2004.
• 51. GALKA B., LABAZ B., BOGACZ A., BOJKO O., KABALA C. Conversion of Norway spruce forests will reduce organic carbon pools in the mountain soils of SW Poland. Geoderma 213, 287-295, 2014.
• 52.GAŁKA B., PODLASKA M., KABAŁA C. Siedliskotwórcze właściwości gleb brunatnych kwaśnych wytworzonych z granitoidów w Górach Stołowych. Sylwan 157, 5, 385, 2013.
• 53. KABALA C., BOJKO O., MEDYNSKA A., SZCZEPANIAK A. Spatial variability and temporal changes in the heavy metal content of soils with a deep furrow-and-ridge microrelief formed by an afforestation plowing. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185, 5141, 2013.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.15244/pjoes/61549