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Tytuł artykułu

Biodiversity protection in European Union agriculture

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EN

Abstrakty

EN
Biodiversity conservation is an important element of EU environmental policy and it influences certain instruments of the Common Agricultural Policy (agri-environmental programmes, cross–compliance rules, organic farming support). These play an increasingly important role in this policy. However, in some Member States they are insufficiently directed to nature conservation. Direct payments affect an increase in threats to biological diversity, although this impact was restricted in the course of the CAP reform (implementation of a regional system combined with crosscompliance rules). Moreover, the withdrawal or significant reduction of the instrument would result in even greater losses. Low effectiveness of existing activities contributes to the continuous degradation of biological diversity in European rural areas: the specialized payments for farmers in the Natura 2000 network are implemented to a limited extent, specialised support directed for High Nature Values (HNV) farming has not yet been introduced in practice, execution of cross-compliance rules was insufficient. In years 2014-2020 nature conservation within the CAP will grow in importance and it will implicate improvement of the effectiveness of actions implemented in the Member States.

Słowa kluczowe

Twórcy

  • Wroclaw University of Economics, Wroclaw, Poland

Bibliografia

  • Agriculture in the EU. Statistical and economic information 2011. [2012]. European Union, DG Agri, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, pp. 204.
  • Agri-environment Measures, Overview on General Principles, Types of Measures, and Application. Unit G- 4;Evaluation of Measures applied to Agriculture, Studies. [2005]. European Commission DG Agri, Brussels, pp. 7.
  • Beaufoy G., Cooper T. [2009]: Guidance document, The Application of High Nature Value Impact Indicator. The programming period 2007-2013, European Commission, DG Agri, Brussels, pp. 7.
  • Beaufoy G., Marsden K. [2010]: CAP after 2013, last chance to stop the decline of Europe’s High Nature Value farming?, European Forum on Nature Conservation and Pastoralism, BirdLife International, Butterfly Conservation Europe, WWF, pp. 9-22.
  • Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds (O. J. L 20/7 26.1.2010).
  • Directive 2009/128/EC establishing a framework for Community action in favour of the sustainable use of pesticides (O. J. L 309, 24/11/2009).
  • Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (O. J. L 206, 22/07/1992 P. 0007 – 0050).
  • Environmental statistics and accounts in Europe. Eurostat statistical books, 2010 edition. [2010]. Publication Office of European Union, Luxembourg, pp. 203-266.
  • Evaluation of environmental impact of the CMO and direct support measures of the CAP for arable crops. [2007]. Alliance Environment, Auzeville-London, pp. 200-225.
  • Fiedor B. (ed.) [2002]: Podstawy ekonomii 􀄞rodowiska i zasobów naturalnych, Wyd. C. H. Beck, Warszawa, pp. 170–195.
  • Impact Assessment, Common Agricultural Policy towards 2020 Annex 2: Greening the CAP. [2011]. European Commission, Commission Staff working document, Brussels, pp. 6-25.
  • Konecny M. [2004]: EU Enlargement and Agriculture: Risks and Opportunities. Friends of Earth Europe, Brussels, p. 40.
  • Kociszewski K. [2013]: Ekologizacja polskiego rolnictwa a jego zrównoważony rozwój w warunkach członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej, Wyd. Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, Wrocław, pp. 154.
  • Natura 2000 barometer. Natura 2000. [2010]. European Commission, Nature and Biodiversity Newsletter, no 29.
  • Nowicki P., Goba V., Knierim A., van Mieijl H., Banse M., Dalbaere B., Helming J., Hunke P., Jansson K., Jansson T., Jones-Walters L., Mikos V., Sattler C. Schlaefke N., Terluin I., Verhoog D. [2009]: Scenar 2020 II – Apdate of Analysis of Prospects in the Scenar 2020 Study – Contract no 30 – CE – 0200286/00-21, European Commission, DG Agri, Brussels, pp. 8.
  • Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020. [2011]. European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM(2011) 244 final, Brussels.
  • Osterburg B., Nitsch H., Laggner A., Wagner S. [2008]: Analysis of policy measures for greenhouse abatement and compliance with the Convention Biodiversity, Institute of Rural Studies of the vTI Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute of Rural Studies Forestry and Fisheries, pp. 90.
  • Report "High Nature Value Farmland in Europe – 2012 update". [2012]. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, pp. 2-20.
  • Rural Development in the European Union, Statistical and Economic Information. Report 2012. [2012]. European Union, DG Agri, Brussels, pp. 154-308.
  • Situation and Prospects of Agriculture and rural areas. [2010]. European Commission DG Agri, Brussels December pp. 12-19.
  • The Assessment of Implementing the EU Biodiversity Action Plan. [2010]. European Commission, Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament COM(2010) 548 final Brussels, pp. 2-7.
  • A Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Pesticides. [2006]. Commission of the European Communities, Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions COM(2006) 372 final, Brussels.
  • Which Common Agricultural Policy for Europe after 2013? [2010]. PAN Europe Position Paper. PAN Europe, pp. 2.

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