Grzyby zasiedlające nasiona wybranych gatunków drzew leśnych

• Autorzy: Krol E.D. , Machowicz-Stefaniak Z. , Zimowska B. , Abramczyk B. A. , Zalewska E. D.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Fungi inhabiting seeds of selected forest tree species

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The seeds of forest trees usually transfer numerous fungi species, including pathogens, facultative parasites and saprotrophs. The aim of the present work was to determine qualitative and quantitative composition of fungi inhabiting the seeds of 10 trees species i.e.: birch (Betula pendula Roth.), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), red oak (Quercus rubra L.), common oak (Quercus robur L.), sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaerth.), fir (Abies alba Mill.), European larch (Larix decidua Mill.), pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst). The seed samples were obtained courtesy of 5 forest districts located in the south−eastern Poland. Mycological analysis was performed in the years 2012−2013. Each time, the study included 100 surface− −disinfected seeds of particular plant species. As a result of the study about 2000 colonies of fungi representing 26 genera and above 39 species were isolated. The most frequently occurring species were: Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Trichoderma koningii, Epicoccum nigrum, Phoma spp. and Cylindrocarpon destructans. Moreover Discula spp., Phyllosticta spp., Pyrenochaeta spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria consortiale were obtained only from the seeds of deciduous trees while Truncatella angustata and Sphareopsis sapinea exclusively from the seeds of coniferous trees. The genus Fusarium was represented by 8 species and among them F. avenaceum, F. oxysporum and F. sporotrichioides dominated. Moreover Penicillium spp., Epicoccum nigrum, Trichoderma koningii, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Chaetomium globosum and Trichothecium roseum were commonly isolated while the other species of fungi were present in smaller numbers. Isolation of numerous fungi species which may cause mold of sowing material, seedling blight as well as leaves and needles spot, indicates their big threat for seeds during storage and for plants in the initial period of growth in a nursery. The obtained results show that the seeds, besides the infected soil, are a very important source of infection for young plants.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

lesnictwo; drzewa lesne; brzoza brodawkowata; Betula pendula; buk zwyczajny; Fagus sylvatica; dab szypulkowy; Quercus robur; dab czerwony; Quercus rubra; klon jawor; Acer pseudoplatanus; olsza czarna; Alnus glutinosa; jodla pospolita; Abies alba; modrzew europejski; Larix decidua; sosna zwyczajna; Pinus sylvestris; swierk pospolity; Picea abies; nasiona; grzyby zasiedlajace nasiona; wykaz gatunkow

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Sylwan
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: 159
• Numer: 02
• Opis fizyczny: s.135-141,tab.,bibliogr.

Twórcy

autor

Krol E.D.

• Katedra Fitopatologii i Mykologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul.Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin

autor

Machowicz-Stefaniak Z.

• Katedra Fitopatologii i Mykologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul.Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin

autor

Zimowska B.

• Katedra Fitopatologii i Mykologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul.Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin

autor

Abramczyk B. A.

• Katedra Fitopatologii i Mykologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul.Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin

autor

Zalewska E. D.

• Katedra Fitopatologii i Mykologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul.Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin

Bibliografia

• Cram M. M., Fraedrich S. W. 2009. Seed diseases and seedborne patogens of North America. Tree Planter’s Notes 53 (2): 35−44.
• Fraedrich S. W., Cram M. M. 2012. Conifer and hardwood diseases. Seed fungi. www.rngr.net/publications/forest−nursery−pests/conifer−and−hardwood−diseases/seed−fungi, dostęp 18.06.2014 r.
• James R. 1990. Fungal colonization of pine cell containers horning tree seed orchard nursery bureau of land management. Nursery Disease Notes 109: 1−4.
• Kowalczyk A., Kacprzak M., Mańka M. 2004. Fungi inhabiting Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seeds in various stages of extraction process. Phytopathol. Pol. 33: 53−70.
• Kowalski T. 2003. Endophytic fungi. V. Mycobiota in living leaves of Acer pseudoplatanus and in necrotic tissues associated with galls of Drisina glutinosa. Phytopathol. Pol. 29: 23− 35.
• Kowalski T. 2004. Endophytic fungi. VI. Mycobiota in living symptomless leaves of Ulmus glabra and in necrotic tissues associated with gall−making insects. Phytopathol. Pol. 32: 61−73.
• Kuzmiechev E., Sokolova E. S., Kulikowa E. G. 2001. Common fungal diseases of Russian forests. General Technikal Report NE−279. 137.
• Kwaśna H. 2004. Natural shifts in communities of rhizosphere fungi of common oak after felling. Plant Soil 264: 209−218.
• Lilja A., Lilja S., Poteri M., Zieren L. 1992. Conifer seedling root fungi and root dieback in Finnish nurseries. Scand. J. For. Res. 7: 545−556.
• Mallams K. M. 2004. Fungal contaminants on selected conifer seed. J. Herbert Stone Nursery.
• Mańka M., Kacprzak M. 1998. Środowiskowe uwarunkowania wzrostu Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum i F. solani. W: Profilaktyka i terapia w szkółkach leśnych zagrożonych przez choroby infekcyjne. Materiały konferencji naukowo−technicznej 25−25 III 1998, Warszawa – Sękocin. 10−12.
• Mańka K., Przezbórski A., Kwaśna H., Żółtańska E. 1989. Badania nad wpływem mieszanin grzybów saprofitycznych na grzyby powodujące zgorzel siewek sosny pospolitej. Zesz. Prob. Post. Nauk. Rol. 374: 266−281.
• Mańka M., Stępniewska S., Kacprzak M. 2001. Soil fungal communities from forest nursery versus damping−off pathogens. W: Proceedings of the 5th Congres of the European Foundation for Plant Pathology, Biodiversity in Plant Pathology, Taormina−Giardini Naxos, Italy 18−22 September 2000. 479−482.
• Mittal R. K., Wang B. S. P. 1987. Fungi associated with seeds of eastern white pine and white spruce during cone processing and seed extraction. Can. J. For. Res. 17: 1026−1034.
• Novak−Agbaba S. 2001. Sjeme hraste luznjaka – mikoze i moguc’nosti zastite. W: Matic S., Krpan A. P. B., Gracan J. [red.]. Znanost u potrajnim gospodarenju hrvatskim sumama: znastvena koji. 343−351.
• Sahai A., Mehrotra B. S. 1982. Mycoflora associated with seeds of forest trees and their effect on germination. Proc. Indian Natn. Sci. Acad. 5: 706−713.
• Szwajkowska−Michałek L., Kwaśna H., Perkowski J. 2011. Czy Penicillium adametzii może ograniczyć pasożytniczą zgorzel siewek sosny zwyczajnej? Sylwan 155 (1): 46−62.