Effects of sowing date on yield, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, membrane termo-stability, carbohydrates and protein content of durum and bread wheat cultivars

• Autorzy: Bagheri A.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ terminu siewu na wielkość plonu, wymianę gazową, fluorescencję chlorofilu, termostabilność membran oraz zawartość węglowodanów i białek w pszenicy twardej i zwyczajnej

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In this study two sowing date in years 2007-08 (1 November as normal sowing date and 1 January as late sowing date) were used. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, membrane thermo-stability, gas exchange parameters and carbohydrates content in two wheat cultivars (Dena as durum wheat and Roshan as bread wheat) at post- anthesis stage were recorded. Acquired thermo-tolerance showed significant variation in late sown conditions. It was inferred that durum wheat conferred less relative injury and greater thermo-tolerance possibly through maintaining cellular membrane integrity under high temperature stress. Data based on chlorophyll fluorescence revealed a reduction of mean value of both cultivars for Fv/Fm, in late sown conditions. There were not any significant differences in all measured traits between two experimental years. Heat stress, occurred in late sown condition, caused reduction in biological and grain yield, harvest index, number of seed per ear, ear length and grain weight of two cultivars. But these reductions in durum wheat were lower. Seed protein content of cultivars increased in late sowing date. There were significant differences between cultivars in protein content. The grain yield reduction in cv. Roshan was higher than Dena. It seemed that by increasing in fructan and glucose content, rather than starch content, durum wheat can cope on the heat stress better than bread wheat.

PL

W badaniach w latach 2007-2008 wybrano dwa terminy siewu (1 listopad jako termin siewu normalny oraz 1 styczeń jako termin późny). Wykonano pomiary, fluorescencji chlorofilu, termostabilności membran, parametrów wymiany gazowej i zawartości węglowodanów u dwóch odmian pszenicy (Dena - pszenica twarda i Roshan - pszenica zwyczajna) w fazie po kwitnieniu. Wyniki pomiarów termotoleracji wykazywały istotną zmienność w warunkach późnego siewu, co może wskazywać, że liście pszenicy twardej są mniej uszkadzane i mają wyższą termotolerancję poprzez utrzymywanie integralności membran komórkowych w warunkach stresu wysokiej temperatury. Wyniki pomiarów fluorescencji chlorofilu wykazały u obu odmian obniżenie średniej wartości Fv/Fm, w warunkach późnego siewu. Nie stwierdzono istotnych różnic w wartościach mierzonych cech w obu latach doświadczenia. Stres temperaturowy, pojawiający się w warunkach późnego terminu siewu o obu badanych odmian, powodował obniżenie plonu biologicznego, plonu ziarna, wskaźnika plonowania, liczby nasion w kłosie, długości kłosa oraz masy ziarna. Obniżenie tych wartości było mniejsze u pszenicy twardej. Zawartość białka w nasionach wzrosła u odmian wysianych później. Stwierdzono istotne różnice pomiędzy odmianami w zawartości białka. Obniżenie plonu u odmiany Roshan było wyższe niż u odmiany Dena. Można przypuszczać, że pszenica twarda lepiej radzi sobie ze stresem temperaturowym niż pszenica zwyczajna, bardziej przez zwiększenie zawartości fruktanów i glukozy niż zawartość skrobi.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

plant cultivation; wheat; temperature; sowing date; yield; gas exchange; chlorophyll fluorescence; carbohydrate content; protein content; durum wheat; bread wheat; plant cultivar

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: 545
• Opis fizyczny: p.39-48,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Bagheri A.

• Islamic Azad University, Eghlid Branch, Eghlid, Iran

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